NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science Social And Political Life Chapter 8

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8

The study of a citizen’s rights and responsibilities is known as Civics. It examines the theoretical and practical elements of citizenship, such as its rights and responsibilities, as well as the duties of the citizens pertaining to the government and one another as fellow members of a political body.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 is Confronting Marginalisation. Confronting Marginalisation Class 8 talks about the inequality and discrimination that two separate groups have faced. Such groups have battled, protested, and fought despite their lack of strength against exclusion or dominance by others. In their vast history, they have tried a variety of strategies to get out of their situation. There is no single approach to solving problems—religious solace, violent conflict, education and self-improvement, economic development. Students can study about methods that individuals and organizations used to fight inequalities in NCERT Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 Solutions.

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Key Topics Covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8

Mentioning below all the key topics that are covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8- Confronting marginalization:

• Invoking Fundamental Rights
• Laws for the Marginalised
• Protecting the rights of Dalits and Adivasis
• Adivasis Demands and the 1989 Act
• Conclusion

Let us look at Extramarks in-depth information on each subtopic in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8- Confronting Marginalisation.

Invoking Fundamental Rights

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8, in this section, discusses invoking fundamental rights. The list of Fundamental Rights, a significant component of the Constitution that provides equal access to rights for all Indians, defines the ideas that characterize our society and politics as democratic. The marginalized have used these rights in two different ways:

1. They persuaded the government to acknowledge their treatment as unfair by arguing for their fundamental rights.
2. They have urged that the government uphold these laws. The government created new legislation following the spirit of the Fundamental Rights due to the struggles of the marginalized.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 explains that untouchability has been abolished and that no one can stop Dalits from getting an education, visiting temples, using public facilities, and other rights. While it is wrong to practice untouchability, a democratic government will not tolerate this practice anymore. Also, untouchability is now a punishable crime. Other provisions of the Constitution support the case against untouchability. For instance, Article 15 of the Constitution states that no citizen of India shall be subjected to discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Dalits have used this provision to demand equality in situations where it has been denied.

• If Dalit believes a person has mistreated them, a group, or even the government, they can “invoke” or “draw on” a fundamental right (or rights).
• If required, dalits may bring the Indian government’s attention to the Constitution and urge that it be upheld so that the people of India can be treated fairly.
• Other minority groups have referred to our Constitution’s Fundamental Rights clause, citing the right to religious freedom as well as rights to culture and education.
• Regarding cultural and educational rights, specific cultural and religious groups, such as Muslims and Parsis, have the right to be the guardians of their culture’s content and decide how best to maintain it.
• The Constitution attempts to provide cultural fairness for these communities by giving various cultural rights. The Constitution takes this action to prevent these groups’ cultures from being overtaken or obliterated by those of the dominant population.

Laws for the Marginalised

What laws have been made for the marginalized? NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 answers this question in this section.

In our nation, there exist laws and regulations for the marginalized.

Promoting Social Justice

To uphold the Constitution, state and federal governments offer free or heavily discounted housing to Dalit and Adivasi students to use educational resources that might not be accessible in their areas. Laws are another way the government ensures that adequate measures are made to eliminate injustice in the system.

The reservation policy is a significant and controversial example of such a law or policy. The laws that reserve government employment and education positions for Dalits and Adivasis are founded on a critical premise. Some sections of our society have been denied opportunities to learn, and work to develop new skills or vocations for centuries, and hence a democratic government must step in and help these sections.

What is the policy for making reservations? NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 states that the Scheduled Castes (or Dalits), Scheduled Tribes, and backward and most backward castes are all listed by the Central Government of India as well as the various state and local governments. Caste and tribe certificates are required as proof when applicants for government jobs and students at educational institutions submit their applications. A candidate may benefit from the reservation if they belong to a Dalit caste or tribe that is included on the government’s list. Governments establish ” cut-off-off” marks for admission to universities, especially to professional education institutions. Only Dalit and tribal applicants who received scores higher than the cut-off can be admitted. Additionally, the government offers specific scholarships to these students.

Protecting the rights of Dalits and Adivasis

Our nation also has laws that protect against the exploitation and discrimination of marginalized people in addition to policies. The Dalits and other tribal groups demanded that the government take their mistreatment and humiliation seriously. In response, the Scheduled Castes, and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was passed. The treatment of these groups took on a violent nature in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Several strong Dalit communities emerged in southern India at this time. When they fought for their rights by refusing to carry out their supposed caste responsibilities and insisting on equality, the more dominant castes turned violent toward them. Dalit advocacy organizations called for new laws to define the many forms of violence against Dalits and impose severe penalties on perpetrators.

The ACT, on the other hand, classifies crimes into various degrees. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 classifies them as:

1. Punishes those who force a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to drink or eat any distasteful or disgusting substance; forcibly remove clothing from the person of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, parade them naked or with a painted face or body or commit any similar act that is derogatory to human dignity.
2. Who deprives Dalits and Adivasis of their few resources or compell them to engage in slave labour. Thus, the Act seeks to punish anyone who unlawfully takes control of land owned by, or allotted to a  Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe member who gets the land allotted to him transferred. On another level, the Act acknowledges that crimes against Dalit and tribal women are of a specific kind and, as a result, seeks to punish anyone who assaults or uses force on any woman belonging to a Scheduled Tribe or a Scheduled Caste to dishonour her.

Adivasis Demands and the 1989 Act

Adivasis’ demands and the Act of 1989 have been explained in this section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8. Another reason the 1989 Act is significant in that it supported Adivasis in defending their right to occupy land that was historically theirs. Adivasis were evicted from their land against their choice and frequently refused to migrate. According to activists’ suggestions, those who have violently encroached onto tribal territory should be held accountable under this legislation. They have also emphasized that this Act affirms what the Constitution already guaranteed to the indigenous people. The land owned by tribals cannot be sold to or purchased by any non-tribal people.

The Constitution ensures that tribal people have the right to reclaim their territory in situations where this has occurred. Tribal members must be paid if they have already been expelled from their lands and are not allowed to return. So, for them to live and work elsewhere, the government must create plans and rules.

Conclusion

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 concludes by saying a policy or law is only created on paper. But for these papers to become a reality, individuals must labour hard. To achieve this, they should continue developing these guiding principles for citizens’ and leaders’ behaviour. All persons, including members of the dominant classes, minorities, and indigenous peoples, must be treated with the same respect and decency.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 Exercise and Solutions

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By getting access to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8, students can easily understand the concepts of Confronting Marginalisation.

Along with this, students can also refer to other solutions for primary and secondary classes:

• NCERT Solutions Class 1
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Key features of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 8

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