NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics 2023-24

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics 

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) publishes Physics textbooks for Class 12. The NCERT Class 12th Physics textbooks are well known for their up-to-date and thoroughly revised syllabus. The NCERT Physics Books are based on the most recent exam pattern and CBSE syllabus.

NCERT keeps the Physics books up-to-date by using the most recent year’s question papers. The NCERT Class 12 Physics books are well-known for their presentation. The use of NCERT Books Class 12 Physics is not only appropriate for studying the regular syllabus of various boards, but it can also be beneficial for candidates taking various competitive exams, such as Engineering Entrance Exams, and Olympiads.

Class 12 Physics NCERT Solutions

Students will benefit greatly from class 12 physics ncert solutions as they prepare for their board exams. The solution sets are created by an Extramarks team of experts who are familiar with the NCERT marking scheme and exam format. This solution set will assist students in understanding the concepts covered in this chapter and in preparing for their boards and entrance exams. Scroll down to find the link to the solution set for free download.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics

The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics subjects are available here. Students can access the solutions by clicking on the links for the chapters in which they are interested. All of the questions are answered here in relation to the methods and procedures described in the textbook. All of the chapters’ are available here for students to download and study offline.

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapters 

There are 15 chapters in total for the Class 12 Physics syllabus. It is further divided into 2 terms. The syllabus for Term 1 includes chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, while Term 2 has chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. Students can check the chapter and download the solution for that topic.

This is the first chapter of the physics textbook for Class 12. Students will learn about electric fields, charges, and their functional areas in this chapter. You will also learn about related laws and theorems, such as Gauss’ Law. Some may find this chapter difficult, but with class 12 physics ncert solutions, understanding and answering the questions will be a breeze.

This chapter will assist you in answering questions based on the calculation of forces between two charged particles placed at a distance from one another. There are also questions about calculating the total charge and dipole moment of a system with torque and an electric field.

Topics covered in Term 1 from Chapter 1

• Conservation of Charge
• Coulomb’s law force between two-point charges
• Electric Charges
• Forces between multiple charges
• Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
• Electric field
• Electric field due to a point charge
• Electric field lines
• Electric dipole
• Electric field due to a dipole
• Torque on a dipole in the uniform electric field.
• Electric flux
• Statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire
• Uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 1: Important Questions

• Chapter 1: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

This is the second chapter of the physics textbook for students in Grade 12. The potential difference and the development of electrostatic potential will be covered in the second chapter. This chapter also contains important formulas and derivations that you must use to answer the numerical questions. The electrostatic potential will be introduced to students in a nutshell.

This chapter includes derivations for topics such as the potential energy of a charge system, energy stored in a capacitor, and potential due to an electric dipole. According to the CBSE syllabus, problems based on the effective capacitance of capacitors are also solved step-by-step in the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics. These concepts and numerical are answered in the simplest way possible to assist students in performing well on the board exams. 

Topics covered in Term 1 from Chapter 2

• Electric potential, potential difference
• Electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and a system of charges
• Equipotential surfaces
• The electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.
• Conductors and insulators
• Free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.
• Dielectrics and electric polarization
• Capacitors and capacitance
• Combination of capacitors in series and in parallel
• Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates
• Energy is stored in a capacitor.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 2: Important Questions

• Chapter 2: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 3 Current Electricity

Students will learn the definitions of key terms such as conductance, resistance, cell EMF, drift velocity, conductance, resistivity, and internal resistance in this chapter. The graphing of resistivity for semiconductors, metals, and alloys will also be taught to students. It will give you a firm understanding of converting complex circuits into simple series and parallel circuits. This chapter provides a brief explanation of the concepts of meter bridges and potentiometers. At the end of the chapter, you can practice a variety of problems based on these concepts.

To solve the problems in this chapter, students must pay attention while learning the derivations of each law. If students have any questions while solving, they can refer to the class 12 physics ncert solutions solved by Extramarks experts, which can be found at the link provided below.

Topics covered in Term 1 from Chapter 3

• Electric current
• Flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor
• Drift velocity
• Mobility and their relation with electric current
• Ohm’s law
• Electrical resistance
• V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear)
• Electrical energy and power
• Electrical resistivity and conductivity
• Temperature dependence of resistance.
• Internal resistance of a cell
• Potential difference and emf of a cell
• Combination of cells in series and in parallel
• Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications,
• Wheatstone bridge
• Metre bridge(qualitative ideas only).
• Potentiometer – principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells
• Measurement of internal resistance of a cell (qualitative ideas only)

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 3: Important Questions

• Chapter 3: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 4 Moving Charges and Magnetism 

This is the fourth chapter of the Class 12 Physics textbook. This chapter will help you understand the laws of electricity and magnetism. You’ll also see how the magnetic field exerts forces on moving charged particles like electrons, protons, and current-carrying wires. This is an important chapter not only for the Class 12 exams, but also for further studies. This chapter will lay a solid foundation for students who want to ace competitive examinations. Students will look at a variety of diagrams, examples, graphs, and illustrations from everyday life. By relating it this way, you can easily remember concepts. This chapter also introduces concepts such as forces between two current-carrying wires and Ampere’s Circuital Law. Numerous problems and questions based on these concepts are provided at the end of the chapter. Students should practice these questions on a regular basis in order to gain a thorough understanding of the chapter.

Topics covered in Term 1 from Chapter 4

• Concept of magnetic field
• Oersted’s experiment.
• Biot – Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop.
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire.
• Straight and toroidal solenoids (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere
• Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field
• Moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 4: Important Questions

• Chapter 4: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter

This is the fifth chapter of the physics textbook for Class 12. Starting with the bar magnet, you will encounter magnetic field lines, magnetic moment, magnetic field strength, susceptibility, and other concepts. Students will find questions on magnetic field lines, the earth’s magnetism, and compass direction in Chapter 5. In addition, students can learn about interstellar space, its weak magnetic field, and a solenoid’s magnetic moment. 

However, in order to understand these concepts, you must first understand the previous chapters. This chapter requires a thorough understanding of magnetism, with its laws and their mathematical derivations. Candidates studying this chapter must take notes in each section. This, in turn, will aid in answering the chapter’s questions. In case of any doubts, students can consult the class 12 physics ncert solutions.

Topics covered in Term 1 from Chapter 5

• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
• Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
• Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid
• Magnetic field lines
• Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 5: Important Questions

• Chapter 5: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 6 Electromagnetic Induction

This is the sixth chapter of the physics textbook for students in Grade 12. Magnetism and electricity are explained in relation to one another in chapter 6. Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law are two of the most important ideas in this chapter. This chapter also contains questions and numerical problems based on this concept for students’ use. They must answer these questions in order to gain a thorough understanding of the subject matter. While answering these questions, they should keep in mind the magnetic field and the direction of induced EMF.

Topics covered in Term 1 from Chapter 6

• Electromagnetic induction
• Faraday’s laws
• Induced EMF and Current
• Lenz’s Law
• Eddy currents.
• Self and mutual induction.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 6: Important Questions

• Chapter 6: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 7 Alternating Current

Students will learn about applying an alternating current voltage to an inductor, a series LCR circuit, a resistor and capacitor, and a transformer in this chapter. The chapter includes a number of graphs and diagrams to help students fully grasp the concepts. Students will undoubtedly be prepared to solve the difficult numerical problems as well as questions from this chapter on the exam if they practise regularly. This chapter is essential for both board and competitive exams. As a result, if students pay close attention to this chapter, they should do well on both exams.

Topics covered in Term 1 from Chapter 7 

• Alternating currents
• Peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage
• Reactance and impedance
• LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only)
• LCR series circuit
• Resonance
• Power in AC circuits.
• AC generator and transformer.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 7: Important Questions

• Chapter 7: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves

This is the eighth chapter of the physics textbook for students in Grade 12. Students will learn about electromagnetism, capacitors, potential differences, and displacement in detail in this chapter. Kirchhoff’s rules, the RMS value of conduction current, and the similarities between conduction current and displacement current are also discussed in this chapter.

The topic of magnetism also applies to electromagnetic waves, and your previous knowledge will help you master this chapter. However, if you are having trouble understanding the material, the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics are available for your reference

Topics covered in Term 2 from Chapter 8

• Electromagnetic waves their characteristics, their Transverse nature (qualitative ideas only).
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 8: Important Questions

• Chapter 8: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Students will learn about light refraction, reflection, and dispersion using the ray diagram in this chapter. The formation of images is clearly explained in this chapter using the laws of reflection and refraction. This chapter discusses the design and operation of optical instruments, including the human eye. Students will also learn about natural phenomena caused by sunlight, which will be useful in exams.

Topics covered in Term 2 from Chapter 9

• Ray Optics
• Refraction of light
• Total internal reflection and its applications
• Optical fibres
• Refraction at spherical surfaces
• Lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker’s formula
• Magnification, power of a lens
• Combination of thin lenses in contact
• Refraction of light through a prism.
• Optical instruments
• Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 9: Important Questions

• Chapter 9: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 10 Wave Optics

Huygen’s laws of reflection and refraction are the most important concept in Chapter 12 and has the highest weightage of marks. Brewster’s Law, the Doppler Effect, and angular width expression are among the other concepts covered in this chapter. For students’ understanding, these are discussed with appropriate examples. Students should go over all of the derivations and theories in this chapter, as well as solve all of the numerical problems and questions.

Topics covered in Term 2 from Chapter 10

Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 10: Important Questions

• Chapter 10: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

This is the eleventh chapter of the physics textbook for Class 12. In this section, you will learn whether radiation is similar to a particle, a wave, or both in properties and appearance. It also includes concepts such as photoelectric effects, wave theory, wave nature, and so on.

This chapter discusses important topics like the photoelectric effect, Einstein’s Photoelectric equation, electron emission, the wave aspect of matter, and experimental effects. This chapter’s numerical problems should be studied more carefully by students. They must read all of the chapters and answer the textbook’s questions to secure a higher exam score.

Topics covered in Term 2 from Chapter 11

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect. Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 11: Important Questions

• Chapter 11: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 12 Atoms

The electron in the classical model of an atom revolves around the nucleus like a planet around the sun. The key concept in this chapter is the Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom. Because it contains many problems, only by learning and revising concepts on a regular basis will students be able to score well.To achieve good grades, it is necessary to memorise the important formulas and steps to be taken when solving problems. Students can use the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics to see how these formulas are used and try them out for themselves.

Topics covered in Term 2 from Chapter 12

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 12: Important Questions

• Chapter 12: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 13 Nuclei

Students will learn everything there is to know about the Nucleus in this chapter. You will discover that the density of nuclear matter is independent of nucleus size, whereas the mass density of an atom does not follow this rule. Nucleus composition, mass-energy, nuclear force, nuclear energy, atomic masses, nucleus size, nuclear binding energy, and radioactivity are all topics covered in Chapter 13.

Topics covered in Term 2 from Chapter 13

Nuclei Composition and size of nucleus, Nuclear force, Mass-energy relation, mass defect, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 13: Important Questions

• Chapter 13: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

This is the fourteenth chapter of the physics textbook for Class 12. This unit discusses semiconductors, their various types, insulators, and applications. It is one of the most highly rated chapters in the Class 12 exams. The majority of the questions in this chapter will revolve around n-type semiconductors, dopants, and carries. This chapter’s exam may also include true or false questions about germanium, carbon, and silicon semiconductors. Another important concept in this chapter is how to calculate the energy gap. Students should thoroughly learn how to calculate the output frequency of a half-wave and full-wave rectifier, as questions on this topic will be asked. This chapter includes several additional exercises in which you must determine the number of electrons and holes in arsenic, indium, and silicon atoms.

Topics covered in Term 2 from Chapter 14

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 14: Important Questions

• Chapter 14: Revision Notes

Physics Class 12: Chapter 15 Communication Systems

This is the fifteenth chapter of the Class 12 Physics textbook. The final chapter will go over communication systems and their components in detail.

• Communication systems
• Classification of communication systems into Technology,
• Media and Application Areas and modern electronics components such as sensors, emitters, transducers, and amplifiers are discussed in this chapter.

For further study, students can download the resources listed below.

• Chapter 15: Important Questions

• Chapter 15: Revision Notes

Marking Scheme for CBSE 2023-24

Term I

Term II

NCERT Class 12 Physics Solutions – Key specifications

• All numerical problems mentioned in the textbooks are explained step-by-step in the solutions book. Students can practice these sums by seeing how the formula work in that problem
• All logical and theoretical problems are explained in detail. Students can read through the solutions and create their own short notes for revision
• The solutions contain answers that are curated and verified by subject matter experts. These questions are, therefore, focused on important topics and have detailed explanations
• A bonus is that there are free, unlimited downloads for students to access all relevant study materials

Why study NCERT solutions for class 12 physics?

If you want to pursue a career in engineering or a related field, you must excel in physics. This is where class 12 physics ncert solutions can help. These NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics help students prepare for board exams as well as engineering/medical entrance exams. It provides concrete knowledge and assists students in comprehending all of the important concepts covered in each chapter of the NCERT textbooks.

• Answers that are simple and precise
• Curated by well-known academics
• Covers both complex and simple topics

Why do toppers give priority to Extramarks NCERT Solutions?

Extramarks offers one of the most student-friendly solutions available on the internet. Students can now easily complete the NCERT Class 12 Physics Syllabus by using these solutions. The following are some of the key features of the NCERT Solutions.

• The solutions are created by highly knowledgeable teachers

Physics is a subject with many concepts that have applications in our daily lives. Students are strongly advised to consult the best study material available online in order to comprehend these concepts. The class 12 physics ncert solutions are designed with the understanding ability of Class 12 students in mind. As a result, the solutions are dependable and precise, as they are entirely based on the CBSE board’s exam pattern.

• Provides a variety of practice problems

When it comes to final exam preparation, the only way to achieve a high score is to practice. The chapter-by-chapter solutions can be accessed online at the convenience of the student. The solutions are highly authentic, and students can rely on them to help them prepare for their board exams.

• It is available at all times and from any location

A student’s life is marked by the completion of the Class 12 exam. So, it is critical to select the best study material to meet all of their requirements. When it comes to board exam preparation, Extramarks has developed class 12 physics ncert solutions to help students gain confidence in answering complex questions. They offer free solutions that can be used anywhere and at any time while answering the textbook’s exercise questions.