NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Linear Programming (Ex 12.2) Exercise 12.2

The Calcutta University Commission was responsible for the establishment of Boards of Secondary Education across the nation. The first such board was the U. P. Board of High School and Intermediate Education. However, after a time, the Board was no longer able to carry out this extraterritorial duty. In order to maintain an effective administration, the United Province Board’s jurisdiction was deemed too cumbersome by the United Provinces government, which is why it requested that candidates from regions outside the United Provinces not be allowed to sit for the board examination after 1927–1928. In response to the representation, the Indian government put out two options for the administration of the princely states of Rajputana, Central India, and Gwalior. A unified board for all the impacted areas was one option, while a separate board for each of the afflicted areas was another.

There were many benefits to the Central Board. It was, therefore, decided that a joint board for all the areas should be created. That is how the Central Board of Secondary Education, or the CBSE came into being initially. In present times, the schools that are affiliated with CBSE have to follow the NCERT syllabus. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 are created keeping in view the NCERT syllabus.

A self-governing organisation called the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) was created in 1969. It was founded by the Indian government

to support and advise the federal and state governments on policies and programmes aimed at raising educational standards. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 available on the Extramarks website, are solutions to the questions that are given in the NCERT textbook. The main objectives of NCERT and the divisions in the organisation are to conduct, promote, and coordinate research in areas related to school education; to produce and publish model textbooks, supplementary materials, newsletters, journals, and educational kits, among other things, for  school students following the NCERT format. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 are formulated by the experts keeping this objective in mind as well. For the students of Class 12 and other classes as well, NCERT books have practise questions at the end of each chapter. These questions are based on the topics taught in the previous chapter. Extramarks makes available the NCERT Solutions which are the compilation of all such questions that are present in the NCERT books. Students can make use of the solutions when preparing for their examinations as well as for revising during class tests. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 are a part of such solutions compiled by Extramarks’ experts.

For subjects like Mathematics, where problem-solving is an equally important part as the theory part, the questions related to that are divided into multiple exercises. Every chapter has multiple exercises containing different types of questions for the students to understand and practice by continuous revision.

The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 are solutions to one of the exercises in the NCERT textbook, which is Mathematics Ex 12.2 Class 12. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 can also be used by the students when they are working on their homework. Mathematics requires a lot of practice and that could be the reason the teachers prefer giving some questions from each exercise as homework for students for to do self-study and practice.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Linear Programming (Ex 12.2) Exercise 12.2

Students who want to excel in the Class 12 board exams should begin working on their overall well-rounded education at a young age.The experts at Extramarks understand that to understand complex topics that are covered in higher education, students need to have a good foundation in the simpler concepts that are taught in the lower classes.

Keeping all of this in mind, the experts at Extramarks, along with the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 also have NCERT Solutions for the following classes:

NCERT Solutions Class 12

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NCERT Solutions Class 9

NCERT Solutions Class 8

NCERT Solutions Class 7

NCERT Solutions Class 6

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NCERT Solutions Class 1.

Mathematics is a subject that many students find overwhelming, but it can be a fun subject if the students are thorough with the basics from the very beginning. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 can help the students understand the basic concepts of Chapter 12 specifically the concepts that are covered in questions under exercise 12.2 Maths Class 12. Extramarks has subject experts assigned for each subject who are responsible for coming up with tools that are student-friendly and can help ease the pressure of students preparing for their examinations. Along with tools like the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2, students can also find other tools that can be helpful, like extra questions and past years’ papers, etc. The students are advised to practise their Class 12 Mathematics study material to the maximum of their abilities with the help of such tools.

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The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 are solutions to the topics covered specifically in the 2nd exercise of Chapter 12. Chapter 12 teaches topics that come under the topic of Linear Programming; according to the syllabus issued by the CBSE for the NCERT books.

An Overview of the Topics Covered in Exercise 12.2 of Class 12 Maths NCERT Solutions

Linear programming is a mathematical model whose requirements are represented by linear relationships. Linear programming is also known as Linear Optimisation. It is a method to achieve the best outcome in Mathematical Programming.

The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 are the solutions to the questions given in the 2nd exercise of this chapter. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 are not the only solutions available. The solutions to all the other exercises are also available on the Extramarks website.

There are many important topics that are covered in Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2. Many questions are based on these topics. The solutions available in the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 allow students to practise for the final examination. Apart from this, Chapter 12 has many important topics that are taught to the students of Class 12 that are related to Linear Programming some of these important topics are –

Introduction to Linear Programming, related terminology such as Constraints, Objective Function, Optimization, Graphical Method of Solution for Problems in Two Variables, Feasible, and Infeasible Regions (bounded or unbounded), Feasible and Infeasible Solutions, Optimal Feasible Solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

The NCERT books for Mathematics divide each chapter into different exercises. The NCERT Solutions that are available on the Extramarks website are also divided using the same format that the NCERT books follow.

To make it easier for the students to refer to these solutions, Extramarks provides a variety of learning resources. For example, the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 the solutions are tothe questions from Exercise 12.2 of Chapter 12.

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The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2, along with all the solutions for Class 12 Mathematics, are formulated keeping in mind the concerns of the students and allowing them to revise beforehand. Early preparation helps students getahead and score well in their exams.

Access NCERT Solutions for Maths Class 12 Chapter 12 – Linear Programming

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The students are advised to plan their practise and revision in a manner which follows the same pattern that is followed by the NCERT books. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 are also created based on this pattern. The importance of

planning the preparation in accordance with the NCERT format and syllabus  can ensure that the students are clear and thorough with what was taught in the previous exercises.

Before moving on to the next exercise, it is very important to understand the previous chapter’s subject, be it formulas, equations, or just generally anything related to the topics, as it helps in moving forward efficiently. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 and all the other exercise-wise divided solutions can be used in practising the subject by this method.

NCERT Solution Class 12 Maths of Chapter 12 All Exercises

Time management is a very critical skill that the students are advised to inculcate and make a habit of. When discussed broadly,students with good time management skills are more efficient with their preparation and have higher chances of performing well on the day of the examination. To use the preparation time efficiently, the students can make use of the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 and all such solutions available on Extramarks. Time management can also help the students remain calm and confident in their preparation. This is another essential skill that the students are advised to develop before appearing for their board examinations. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 can help students make the best use of their limited preparation time.The students who are practising and are able to remain calm in stressful situations like examinations have higher chances of retaining what they have practised and learned. This can allow these students to put their problem-solving skills and tricks that they have learned to use; more efficiently than other students.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Linear Programming Exercise 12.2

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It was established in 1961 by the Indian government as a self-governing body that provides advice and assistance to the Central and State Governments on educational policies and programmes. As a result, they have developed and published the NCERT Textbooks, which are designed for all students from Grades 1-12. Hence, NCERT textbooks are the standard and go-to books for all students. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 is one of many such tools available on the Extramarks website. The Mathematics experts at Extramarks understand the importance of all these activities and what role these activities can play in a student’s final result.

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The use of the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 for preparation and revision throughout the year is one of the ways to sincerely study the subject throughout the year. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 is one of many ways students can approach Class 12 revision seriously.where they give importance to self-study throughout the academic year. The CBSE comes up with an exam schedule that has long breaks right before the examinations. These breaks are provided to students with the understanding that many subjects require extensive revision.Students may not fully understand the CBSE format and may have to wait until the end of the break to begin their board examination preparations.For the students who wish to score well in their board examinations, this is the wrong approach to take. If the students try to learn everything at the last moment, there is a very high chance of them forgetting what they learned in stressful situations like the final board examinations.NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 Frequently Asked Questions

Before the students appear for their board examinations, they are given long preparation breaks by their schools. The CBSE also prepares the board examination schedule with a good amount of gap between two papers. The gap is given to help the students with their final revisions before the examinations. The students are advised to use this gap resourcefully.

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At Extramarks, the modules are prepared by highly qualified subject-matter experts within the company. These experts ensure that each concept is discussed fully from every possible angle, which creates an immersive learning experience that enhances the understanding of the concept and its retention during the preparation for the exam. In addition to this, they also provide a section of sample papers that are updated on a regular basis. Students should understand that attempting to prepare for all subjects at the same time during the preparation break can result not only in a stressful environment, but also in them forgetting a lot of what they learned when it comes time to take the examination.For better exam preparation, keep tools like the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths, Chapter 12, Exercise 12.2 on hand throughout the year.The preparation gap is given to help the students with their revision, but sometimes the students might have certain confusions during their revision. For situations like these, the students can always refer to the useful tools on the Extramarks website, like the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 and many more. The students can also refer to the frequently asked questions section that addresses some of these common confusions.

Q.1 Reshma wishes to mix two types of food P and Q in such a way that the vitamin contents of the mixture contain at least 8 units of vitamin A and 11 units of vitamin B. Food P costs Rs 60/kg and Food Q costs Rs 80/kg. Food P contains 3 units /kg of vitamin A and 5 units /kg of vitamin B while food Q contains 4 units /kg of vitamin A and 2 units /kg of vitamin B. Determine the minimum cost of the mixture?

Ans

Let the mixture contain x kg of food P and y kg of food Q. Clearly, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.We make the following table from the given data:

Vitamin A

(units/kg)

Vitamin B

(units/kg)

Cost

(Rs/kg)

Food P 3 5 60
Food Q 4 2 80
Requirement

(units/kg)

8 11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The mixture must contain at least 8 units of vitamin A and 11 units of vitamin B.
Therefore, the constraints are
3x + 4y ≥ 8
5x + 2y ≥ 11
Total cost, Z, of purchasing food is, Z = 60x + 80y
Hence, the mathematical formulation of the problem is:
Minimise Z = 60 x + 80 y …(i)
subject to constraints:
3x + 4y ≥ 8 …(ii)
5x + 2y ≥ 11 …(iii)
x, y ≥ 0 …(iv)
Let us graph the inequalities (ii) to (iv). The feasible region determined by the system to shown in the given graph.

It can be seen that the feasible region is unbounded.The corner points of the feasible region areA(83,0),B(2,12) and C(0,112).The values of Z at these corner points are as follows:

Corner Point Z = 60x + 80y
A( 8 3 ,0 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaaguart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8MrFz0xbbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0RYxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaaiaacaGaaeqabaWaaqaafaaakeaacaWGbbWaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaaiIdaaeaacaaIZaaaaiaacYcacaaMc8UaaGimaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaa@3FDF@ 160 Minimum
B( 2, 1 2 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaaguart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8MrFz0xbbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0RYxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaaiaacaGaaeqabaWaaqaafaaakeaacaWGcbWaaeWaaeaacaaIYaGaaiilaiaaykW7daWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaaaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaa@3FDA@ 160
C( 0, 11 2 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaaguart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8MrFz0xbbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0RYxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaaiaacaGaaeqabaWaaqaafaaakeaacaqGdbWaaeWaaeaacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaykW7daWcaaqaaiaaigdacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaaaaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaa@4092@ 440

 

 

 

 

As the feasible region is unbounded, therefore, 160 may or may not be the minimum value of Z.For this, we graph the inequality, 60x + 80y< 160 or 3x + 4y< 8, and check whether the resulting half plane has points in common with the feasible region or not. It can be seen that the feasible region has no common point with 3x + 4y < 8.Therefore, the minimum cost of the mixture will be Rs 160 at theline segment joining the points  (83,0) and (2,12).

Q.2 One kind of cake requires 200g flour and 25g of fat, and another kind of cake requires100g of flour and 50g of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can be made from 5 kg of flour and 1 kg of fat assuming that there is no shortage of the other ingredients used in making the cakes?

Ans

Let there be x cakes of first kind and y cakes of second kind. Clearly, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.We make the following table from the given data:

Flour (g) Fat (g)
Cakes of first kind, x 200 25
Cakes of second kind, y 100 50
Availability 5000 1000

 

 

 

 

Both cakes are containing at least 5 kg flour and 1kg fat.
Therefore, the constraints are
200 x + 100 y≤ 5000
⇒ 2x + y ≤ 50
25x + 50y ≤ 1000
⇒ x + 2y ≤ 40
Then, maximum number of cakes, Z = x + y
Hence, the mathematical formulation of the problem is:
Maximise Z = x + y …(i)
subject to constraints:
2x + y≥ 50 …(ii)
x + 2y≥ 40 …(iii)
x, y ≥ 0 …(iv)
Let us graph the inequalities (ii) to (iv). The feasible region determined by the system to shown in the given graph.

The corner points are A(25, 0), B(20, 10), O(0, 0), and C(0, 20).
The values of Z at these corner points are given in the following table:

Corner points Z = x + y
A (25, 0) 25
B(20, 10) 30 → Maximum
C(0, 20) 20
O(0, 0) 0

 

 

 

 

 

Thus, the maximum numbers of cakes that can be made are 30 (20 of one kind and 10 of the other kind).

Q.3 A factory makes tennis rackets and cricket bats. A tennis racket takes 1.5 hours of machine time and 3 hours of craftsman’s time in its making while a cricket bat takes 3 hour of machine time and 1 hour of craftsman’s time. In a day, the factory has the availability of not more than 42 hours of machine time and 24 hours of craftsman’s time.
(i) What number of rackets and bats must be made if the factory is to work at full capacity?
(ii) If the profit on a racket and on a bat is Rs 20 and Rs 10 respectively, find the maximum profit of the factory when it works at full capacity.

Ans

(i) Let the number of rackets and the number of bats to be made are x and y respectively.The machine time is not available for more than 42 hours, i.e., 1.5 x + 3y ≤ 42 … (i)
The craft time is not available for more than 24 hours, i.e., 3x + y ≤ 24 … (ii)
When the factory is to work at full capacity,
1.5 x + 3y = 42 and
3x + y = 24
On solving both the equations, we get
x = 4 and y = 12
Thus, 4 rackets and 12 bats must be made in the factory according to given condition.

(ii) Profit on a racket = Rs. 20
Profit on a bat = Rs. 10
Then, Max. Profit, Z = 20 x + 10 y
The given information can be represent as:

Tennis Racket Cricket Bat Availability of time
Machine time(hr) 1.5 3 42
Craftsman’s Time (hr) 3 1 24

So, Maximize Z = 10x + 20y … (i)
The constraints are as follows:
1.5 x + 3 y ≤ 42 … (ii)
3x + y ≤ 24 … (iii)
x, y≥ 0 … (iv)
The feasible region determined by the linear inequalities (ii) to (iv) is shown in the figure:

The corner points are A (8, 0), B (4, 12), C (0, 14), and O (0, 0). The values of Z at these corner points are given in the following table:

Corner point Z=20x+10y
A (8, 0) 160
B (4, 12) 200 → Maximum
C (0, 14) 140
O (0, 0) 0

 

 

 

 

 

Thus, the maximum profit of the factory when it works to its full capacity is Rs 200.

Q.4 A manufacturer produces nuts and bolts. It takes 1 hour of work on machine A and 3 hours on machine B to produce a package of nuts. It takes 3 hours on machine A and 1 hour on machine B to produce a package of bolts. He earns a profit, of Rs 17.50 per package on nuts and Rs. 7.00 per package on bolts. How many packages of each should be produced each day so as to maximize his profit, if he operates his machines for at the most 12 hours a day?

Ans

Let the number of nuts and the number of bolts to be made are x and y respectively. The given information can be written in tabular form as given below:

Nuts Bolts Availability(time)
Machine A 1 hr 3 hrs 12 hrs
Machine B 3 hrs 1 hr 12 hrs
Profit Rs. 17.50 Rs. 7

The mathematical formulation of the given problem is:
Maximise
Z = 17.5 x + 7 y … (i)
x + 3 y ≤ 12 … (ii)
3x + y ≤ 12 … (iii)
x, y ≥ 0 … (iv)
The feasible region determined by the system of constraints from (ii) to (iv) is shown as follows:

The corner points are A(4, 0), B(3, 3), and C(0, 4) and the values of Z at these corner points are given below:

Corner point Z = 17.5x + 7y
O(0, 0) 0
A(4, 0) 70
B(3, 3) 73.5 → Maximum
C(0, 4) 28

 

 

 

 

 

The maximum value of Z is 73.5 at the point (3, 3).Thus, 3 packages of nuts and 3 packages of bolts should be produced each day to get the maximum profit of Rs 73.50.

Q.5 A factory manufactures two types of screws, A and B. Each type of screw requires the use of two machines, an automatic and a hand operated. It takes 4 minutes on the automatic and 6 minutes on hand operated machines to manufacture a package of screws A, while it takes 6 minutes on automatic and 3 minutes on the hand operated machines to manufacture a package of screws B. Each machine is available for at the most 4 hours on any day. The manufacturer can sell a package of screws A at a profit of Rs 7 and screws B at a profit of Rs10. Assuming that he can sell all the screws he manufactures, how many packages of each type should the factory owner produce in a day in order to maximize his profit? Determine the maximum profit.

Ans

Let the number of screws, A and B to be made are x and y respectively.
The given information can be written in tabular form as given below:

Screws A Screws B Availability
Automatic Machine 4 min. 6 min. 4 hrs
Hand operated Machine 6 min. 3 min. 4 hrs
Profit Rs. 7 Rs. 10

 

 

 

 

The mathematical formulation of the given problem is:
Maximise Z = 7x + 10y … (i)
4x + 6y ≤ 240 … (ii)
6x + 3y ≤ 240 … (iii)
x, y ≥ 0 … (iv)
The feasible region determined by the system of constraints from (ii) to (iv) is shown as follows:

The corner points are A(40, 0), B(30, 20), and C(0, 40) and the values of Z at these corner points are given below:

Corner point Z = 7x + 10y
O(0, 0) 0
A(40, 0) 280
B(30, 20) 410 → Maximum
C(0, 40) 400

 

 

 

 

 

The maximum value of Z is 410 at the point (30, 20).
Thus, 30 packages of screws A and 20 packages of screws B should be produced each day to get the maximum profit of Rs. 410.

Q.6 A cottage industry manufactures pedestal lamps and wooden shades, each requiring the use of a grinding/cutting machine and a sprayer. It takes 2 hours on grinding/cutting machine and 3 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a pedestal lamp. It takes 1 hour on the grinding/cutting machine and 2 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a shade. On any day, the sprayer is available for at the most 20 hours and the grinding/cutting machine for at the most 12 hours. The profit from the sale of a lamp is Rs 5 and that from a shade is Rs 3. Assuming that the manufacturer can sell all the lamps and shades that he produces, how should he schedule his daily production in order to maximize his profit?

Ans

Let the number of pedestal lamps and wooden shades to be made are x and y respectively.
The given information can be written in tabular form as given below:

Pedestal lamps Wooden

lamps

Availability
Grinding/Cutting Machine 2 hrs 1 hr 12 hrs
Sprayer 3 hrs 2 hrs 20 hrs
Profit Rs. 5 Rs. 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

The mathematical formulation of the given problem is:
Maximise Z = 5x + 3y … (i)
2x + y ≤ 12 … (ii)|
3x + 2y ≤ 20 … (iii)
x, y ≥ 0 … (iv)
The feasible region determined by the system of constraints from (ii) to (iv) is shown as follows:

The corner points are A(6, 0), B(4, 4), and C(0, 10) and the values of Z at these corner points are given below:

Corner point Z = 5x + 3y
O(0, 0) 0
A(6, 0) 30
B(4, 4) 32 → Maximum
C(0, 10) 30

 

 

 

 

 

The maximum value of Z is 32 at the point (4, 4).
Thus, 4 pedestal lamps and 4 wooden shades should be produced to maximise his profit.

Q.7 A company manufactures two types of novelty souvenirs made of plywood. Souvenirs of type A require 5 minutes each for cutting and 10 minutes each for assembling. Souvenirs of type B require 8 minutes each for cutting and 8 minutes each for assembling. There are 3 hours 20 minutes available for cutting and 4 hours of assembling. The profit is Rs 5 each for type A and Rs 6 each for type B souvenirs. How many souvenirs of each type should the company manufacture in order to maximize the profit?

Ans

Let the number of Souvenirs of type A and Souvenirs of type B to be made are x and y respectively. The given information can be written in tabular form as given below:

Souvenirs A Souvenirs

B

Availability
Time for Cutting 5 min. 8 min. 3 hrs 20 min.
Time for assembling 10 min. 8 min. 4 hrs
Profit Rs.5 Rs.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

The mathematical formulation of the given problem is:
Maximise Z = 5x + 6y … (i)
5x + 8y ≤ 200 … (ii)
10x + 8y ≤ 240
⇒ 5x + 4y ≤ 120 … (iii)
x, y ≥ 0 … (iv)
The feasible region determined by the system of constraints from (ii) to (iv) is shown as follows:

The corner points are A(24, 0), B(8, 20), and C(0, 25) and the values of Z at these corner points are given below:

Corner point Z = 5x + 6y
O(0, 0) 0
A(24, 0) 120
B(8, 20) 160 → Maximum
C(0, 25) 150

 

 

 

 

 

The maximum value of Z is 160 at the point (8, 20). Thus, 8 Souvenirs of type A and 20 Souvenirs of type B should be produced to maximise his profit.

Q.8 A merchant plans to sell two types of personal computers − a desktop model and a portable model that will cost ₹ 25,000 and ₹ 40,000 respectively. He estimates that the total monthly demand of computers will not exceed 250 units. Determine the number of units of each type of computers which the merchant should stock to get maximum profit if he does not want to invest more than Rs 70 lakhs and if his profit on the desktop model is ₹ 4500 and on portable model is ₹ 5000.

Ans

Let the number of desktop computer and portable computer to be stock are x and y respectively. The given information can be written in tabular form as given below:

Desktop computer Portable computer Availability
Cost (in Rs.) 25,000 40,000 70,00,000
No. of units x y 250
Profit (in Rs.) 4500 5000

The mathematical formulation of the given problem is:
Maximise Z = 4500x + 5000y … (i)
25,000x + 40,000y ≤ 70, 00,000
⇒ 5x + 8y ≤ 1400 … (ii)
x + y ≤ 250 … (iii)
x, y ≥ 0 … (iv)
The feasible region determined by the system of constraints from (ii) to (iv) is shown as follows:

The corner points are A(250, 0), B(200, 50), and C(0, 175) and the values of Z at these corner points are given below:

Corner point Z = 4500x + 5000y
O(0, 0) 0
A(250, 0) 11,25,000
B(200, 50) 1150,000 → Maximum
C(0, 175) 875,000

 

 

 

 

 

The maximum value of Z is 1150,000 at the point (200, 50).
Therefore, the merchant should stock 200 desktop models and 50 portable models to get the maximum profit of Rs. 11,50,000.

Q.9 A diet is to contain at least 80 units of vitamin A and 100 units of minerals. Two foods F1 and F2 are available. Food F1 costs Rs 4 per unit food and F2 costs Rs 6 per unit. One unit of food F1 contains 3 units of vitamin A and 4 units of minerals. One unit of food F2 contains 6 units of vitamin A and 3 units of minerals. Formulate this as a linear programming problem. Find the minimum cost for diet that consists of mixture of these two foods and also meets the minimal nutritional requirements?

Ans

Let the mixture contain x units of food F1 and y units of food F2. Clearly, x ≥ 0 and y≥ 0.
The table based on the given data is given below:

Food

F1­ F2

Availability
Vitamin A (units) 3 6 80
Minerals (units) 4 3 100
Cost (in Rs./unit) 4 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

The mathematical formulation of the given problem is:
Minimise Z = 4x + 6y …(i)
3x + 6y ≥ 80 …(ii)
4x + 3y≥ 100 …(iii)
x ≥ 0,≥ 0 …(iv)
The feasible region determined by the system of constraints from (ii) to (iv) is shown as follows:

Here, we see that the feasible region is unbounded.
Let us evaluate Z at the corner points A(80/3, 0),
B(24, 4/3) and C(0, 100/3).

Corner point Z = 4x + 6y
A(80/3, 0) 106.67
B(24, 4/3) 104 → Minimum
C(0, 100/3) 200

 

 

 

 

In the table, the smallest value of Z is 104 at the point (24, 4/3). Since, the feasible region is unbounded, so we have to draw the graph of inequality 4x + 6y = 104 i.e., 2x + 3y = 52.Here, feasible region and open half plane has no common point. Therefore, the minimum value of Z is 104 attained at the point (24, 4/3). Hence, the minimum cost of diet that consists of mixture of 24 units of food F1 and (4/3) units is Rs.104.

Q.10 There are two types of fertilizers F1 and F2. F1 consists of 10% nitrogen and 6% phosphoric acid and F2 consists of 5% nitrogen and 10% phosphoric acid. After testing the soil conditions, a farmer finds that she needs at least 14 kg of nitrogen and 14 kg of phosphoric acid for her crop. If F1 cost Rs 6/kg and F2 costs Rs 5/kg, determine how much of each type of fertilizer should be used so that nutrient requirements are met at a minimum cost. What is the minimum cost?

Ans

Let the farmer buy x kg of fertilizer F1 and y kg of fertilizer F2. Therefore, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0. The given information can be complied in a table as follows.

F1(x) F2(x) Requirement
Nitrogen(%) 10 5 14
Phosphoric acid (%) 6 10 14
Cost(Rs/kg) 6 5

The mathematical formulation of the given problem is
Minimize Z = 6x + 5y …(i)
subject to the constraints,
10%of x + 5% of y ≥ 14
2x + y ≥ 280 … (2)
6% of x + 10% of y ≥ 14
3x + 5y ≥ 700… (3)
x, y ≥ 0 … (4)
The feasible region determined by the system of constraints from (ii) to (iv) is shown as follows:

In the graph the feasible region is unbounded. So, value of Z at the corner points A (700/3, 0), B(100, 80), C(0, 280).

Corner Point Z = 6x + 5y
A(700/3, 0) 1400
B(100, 80) 1000 → Minimum
C(0, 280) 1400

 

 

 

 

In the table, we find that the smallest value of Z is 1000 at the point (100, 80). Therefore, we have to draw the graph of the inequality
6x + 5y < 1000
The resulting open half plane has no point common with the feasible region. Thus, the minimum value of Z is 1000 attained at the point (100, 80). Therefore, 100 kg of fertilizer F1 and 80 kg of fertilizer F2 should be used to minimize the cost. The minimum cost is Rs 1000.

Q.11

Thecornerpointsofthefeasibleregiondeterminedbythefollowingsystemoflinearinequalities:  2x+y10,x+3y15,x,y0are0,0,5,0,3,4and0,5.LetZ=px+qy,wherep,q>0.ConditiononpandqsothatthemaximumofZoccursatboth3,4and0,5isAp=qBp=2qCp=3qDq=3p

Ans

Since, Z is maximum at the points (3, 4) and (0, 5).
So, at (3, 4)
Z = 3p + 4q
And at (0, 5)
Z = 0 + 5q
According to given condition,
3p + 4q = 5q ⇒ 3p = q
Therefore, correct option is D.

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FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. What are some tips to perform excellently in the Mathematics Class 12 board examination?

For subjects like Mathematics, practice is the key. The more time students spend with tools like the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2, the higher their chances of conceptually understanding the topics. Students are advised to make use of the many resourceful tools available on the Extramarks website, like the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 and try to solve as many questions as possible for all the topics before the examinations.

2. Should students practice from the solutions given in the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2?

The most important fact about Mathematics is that it is not a subject that is focused only on theory. Certain parts of Mathematics need to be understood in a practical manner by the students and most of it needs to be practised. The students can make use of the solutions available on the Extramarks website for practising, such as the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2.

The students are advised to take help from the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 when they are practising the questions that are given in Exercise 12.2. The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 can help the students cross-check their solutions and see if they are on the right track and following the right format for solving the questions.

Trying to remember the solutions given in the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 would not be of much use as the questions are based on the questions in the NCERT book, but they can be framed differently than they are framed in the book and expressed in a unique manner by the students.

If the students try to remember the solutions to the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 and answer the questions that are asked in the final examinations, and they have different numeric values compared to the questions that were there in the solutions, the students can get very confused.

Instead of trying to remember the step-by-step process to the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2, the students should focus on practising with the help of these solutions. With this, they can conceptually understand the process and solve any question that comes in the examination related to the topic.

3. What are some resources, apart from the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2, that are available on the Extramarks website that can be useful for the students for their Mathematics board examination preparation?

At Extramarks, there are different subject experts that are assigned to each subject. The experts have a lot of experience and a deep understanding of the topics that are covered in the NCERT books. These experts are responsible for coming up with resourceful tools for the students to help prepare for their board examinations. 

One such resource is the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths, Chapter 12, Exercise 12.2.Many other tools are available on the website. The students can make use of the past years’ papers, extra questions, and important questions when they want to practise different questions related to the same topic. There are also tools available for practising the theory part of Mathematics, such as revision notes, etc. 

All these tools and many more are available on the Extramarks website, which can be easily accessed by the students. The students are advised to make use of all these throughout the academic yearStudents can plan their preparation in this manner to avoid stressful situations such as attempting to prepare for every topic and subject at the same time.