Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions

Civics is an academic subject that involves the study of the duties and rights of diverse members of society. It is one of the most well-known disciplines of the Social Sciences. The political, theoretical, and practical elements of citizenship are studied under the umbrella of Civics. According to the research, citizens should be concerned about obligations, civil law, civil rules, and rights.

NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 2- Federalism teaches about the philosophy and practice of Federalism in India in this chapter. The local government, a new and third layer of Indian Federalism, will be discussed at the end of the chapter.

Studying the NCERT solutions of any chapter is the most convenient way to grasp the concepts of that chapter. Hence, Extramarks presents Class 10 Federalism NCERT Solutions. Written unambiguously and concisely, these Federalism NCERT Class 10 Solutions help students a lot as they get all the solutions at one place and do not have to waste time searching for them from different sources

Apart from these crisp NCERT Solutions, students can access several other study materials on the website of Extramarks. Material such as NCERT books, CBSE revision notes, CBSE sample papers, CBSE previous year question papers, and more can be easily found on the Extramarks’ website for all classes.

Key Topics Covered in Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions

Mentioned below are the key topics that are covered in The Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions:

Let us look at Extramarks in-depth information on each subtopic in Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions.

What is Federalism?

Extramarks Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions explains Federalism as a form of governance in which power is shared among a central authority and the country’s component entities.

There are two tiers of governance in a federation. Both levels of government exercise authority independently of one another.

• The national government is generally in charge of a few topics of shared national concern.
• Province or state governments oversee most of the day-to-day administration of their state.

Difference between the Unitary system and the Federal system

Extramarks Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions differentiates between the Unitary and the Federal system as follows:

Unitary system

• The sub-units are subordinate to the Central Government if there is just one level of government.
• The central government can issue instructions to provincial and municipal governments.
• The central government is paramount, and administrative divisions can only execute powers that the central government has granted them. The central government can increase and reduce its authority.

Federal system

• There are two or more levels of governance (or tiers).
• The federal government cannot compel state governments to act.
• The state government has its authority and is not accountable to the federal government.

Key features of Federalism

Some of the significant characteristics of the federalist system as explained by Extramarks Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions as follows:

• First, there are two or more levels of governance (or tiers).
• Although several levels of government supervise the same people, each has its JURISDICTION in terms of legislation, taxation, and administration.
• The Constitution guarantees each degree of government’s existence and authority.
• One level of government cannot simply amend the Constitution’s essential provisions. Instead, both the federal and state governments must agree to such modifications.
• Courts have the authority to interpret the Constitution and the authorities of various government levels.
• To maintain financial autonomy, each level of government has clearly defined income sources.
• The federal system has two goals: preserving and promoting national unity and accommodating regional diversity.

Different routes through which Federalism can be formed

Mutual trust between multiple levels of government and agreement to live together is essential for Federalism’s institutions and practice. Federations have been found through two different paths:

• The first procedure includes independent states joining together to form a larger body. The United States, Switzerland, and Australia are examples of “coming together” federations.
• The second scenario is for a large country to split its authority between its component states and the central government. In India, Spain, and Belgium, this type of federation keeps the country together.

What makes India a Federal Country?

The provisions of the Indian Constitution are subject to all the aspects of the federal system. The Indian Constitution divides legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments in three ways. The following are the three lists as per Extramarks Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions:

• Union List: It covers critical national issues such as national defence, international affairs, finance, communications, and currency. The Union Government has sole authority for the matters listed in this list.
• State List: It covers topics like police, trade, business, agriculture, and irrigation, which are all critical to the state and municipal governments. State governments can only regulate the subjects described in this list.
• Concurrent List: It covers topics of similar interest to both the federal and state governments. Education, the forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption, and succession are all on the list. On the topics included in this list, federal and state governments can pass legislation. If their laws clash, the law enacted by the Union Government takes  precedence.

How is Federalism practised?

The true success of Indian Federalism may be traced to the country’s democratic politics. Look at some primary ways India practices Federalism as suggested by Extramarks Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions.

Linguistics States

The formation of linguistic states was India’s first and most important democratic test. Numerous ancient states have gone, and many new ones emerged between 1947 and 2017. The states’ boundaries, areas, and titles have all been altered. People who speak the same language have founded some states. The linguistic States are the name for these states.

Language Policy

The language policy is a second test for Indian Federalism. The official language has been determined to be Hindi. Apart from Hindi, the Constitution recognises 21 additional languages as Scheduled Languages. States have their official languages, and government activity is conducted in that state’s official language.

Centre-state relations

Another way that Federalism has been enhanced in practice is by restructuring the relationship between the federal government and the states. Suppose no one party wins a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. In that case, the major national parties can form a coalition with various other parties, including regional parties, to establish a government at the national level. This resulted in a new culture of power-sharing and respect for state governments’ autonomy.

Decentralisation in India

Decentralisation occurs when power is transferred from the federal and state governments to local governments. Decentralisation is based on the concept that many problems and difficulties are better resolved locally. Residents can also engage directly in decision-making.

In 1992, a significant step toward decentralisation was accomplished. The Constitution was changed to strengthen and improve the third layer of democracy. Three-tier democracy has the following characteristics:

• Regular elections for local government entities are required under the Constitution.
• Scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and other backward classes have seats in these institutions’ elected bodies and executive heads.
• Women hold at least one-third of all job roles.
• Each state has established a State Election Commission to oversee Panchayat and municipal elections.
• Local governments and state governments are compelled to share some authority and money. Sharing takes on different forms in different states.

Panchayati Raj System

Panchayati Raj is the name given to the rural local government. Each village or collection of villages has its gram panchayat in certain states. This is a council made up of many ward members (known as panchs) and a president (known as sarpanch). They are elected directly by the whole adult population of a village or ward. The Gram Panchayat is the village’s decision-making body.

The Gram Sabha oversees the Panchayat’s operations. Its members are all the voters in the village. It must meet at least twice or three times a year to approve the gram panchayat’s yearly budget and assess its performance.

A Panchayat Samiti, Block, or Mandal is formed when Gram Panchayats are grouped. All Panchayat members in the region choose members of the Panchayat Samiti.

The Zilla (district) Parishad comprises all the Panchayat Samitis or Mandals in a district. Members of the Lok Sabha, district MLAs, and other officials from district-level authorities make up the Zilla Parishad.

Municipalities 

Municipalities for urban areas are like Gram Panchayats for rural regions. Municipal Corporations are formed in large cities. Municipalities and Municipal Corporations are governed by elected authorities representing the people. The Municipal Chairperson is the municipality’s political leader. The Mayor of a Municipal Corporation is the leader.

This new local government structure is the most significant democratic experiment globally. The local government’s constitutional standing has helped consolidate democracy in our country. In our democracy, it has also improved women’s representation and voice.

Federalism Class 10 NCERT Exercise and Solutions

Students can access NCERT solutions of all chapters on the Extramarks’ website and other study material such as past year’s question papers, revision notes, additional questions, and much more. Click on the below links to view NCERT Solutions for Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions:

Class 10 Civics Chapter 2: Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 10 Civics Chapter 2: Short Answer Type Questions

Class 10 Civics Chapter 2: Long Answer Type Questions

Students may access Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions and other chapters by clicking here. In addition, students can also explore NCERT Solutions for other classes below.

By getting access to Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions, students can easily understand all the concepts relating to Federalism.

Key Features of Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions

Class 10 students are highly recommended to go through NCERT Solution by the end of each chapter to get good results in their forthcoming examinations. Extramarks bring forth Federalism Class 10 NCERT Solutions to make the concepts easier for students. Mentioned below are some primary reasons why you should choose Extramarks:

• Extramarks have put together the most crucial information on this topic based on the CBSE guidelines in an easy to comprehend and accurate to recall if read a few times. 
• These solutions cover all the chapter’s topics concisely and yet systematically.
• The solutions result from thorough research by the subject experts at Extramarks.