NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 6

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions

The activity of manufacturing is considered crucial for the development of the economy. It involves the processing of raw materials into valuable finished products. The state of the manufacturing sector often calculates the strength of the economy. Students must understand the basic ideas presented in the chapter as it provides important insights into topics they might find relatable in their surroundings. To help students in this regard, Extramarks has come up with the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions. It will have a thorough explanation of all the main concepts and ideas that are presented in the chapters. Students will learn about manufacturing industries and the related concepts, such as the various industries that come under them, the environmental implications, how nations can control ecological degradation, etc.

A complete understanding of Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions will help students understand the various concepts attached to the topic of manufacturing industries. Manufacturing industries form the backbone of the economy. Students will learn about why the manufacturing industry is important, what it contributes to the economy, what industries are included under manufacturing industries and what the implications of widespread environmental development are. While the information is easy, students will learn and revise with the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions easier. Presented in an easy-to-understand language, students will be better able to understand the core themes of the chapter well.

To increase their knowledge and clarity of the topic, students are frequently suggested to read the NCERT Solutions for each chapter. Extramarks created Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions to assist students in understanding the topic at hand, structuring their answers and refining them with the help of solutions. The Chapter 6 Geo Class 10 solutions are created by subject matter experts who followed the most recent CBSE criteria while meeting the needs of all students, regardless of level. Overall academic performance is improved if students understand the subject well.

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Key Topics Covered in Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions

The key topics covered in Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions include the following:

• Importance of Manufacturing
• Contribution of Manufacturing to the National Economy
• Industrial Location
• Classification of Industries
• Agro-Based Industry
• Mineral Based Industry
• Industrial Pollution and Environment Degradation
• Control of Environment Degradation

A detailed explanation of the topics present in Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions provided by my Extramarks is given below:

Importance of Manufacturing

The manufacturing industry is the backbone of any economy. The following reasons help students to understand why it is so.

• The manufacturing sector helps in the development and modernisation of the agricultural sector. It also helps ease the overdependence of the workforce in agriculture by providing them with jobs in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
• It helps the nation to eradicate unemployment, thereby also reducing poverty.
• With the development of industries, the exports of manufactured goods increase which help the nation to bring the much-needed foreign exchange into the economy.
• It is fundamental in giving a boost to the economy of the nation and helping the country to prosper.

Contribution of Manufacturing to the National Economy

• Over the last twenty years, the proportion of GDP of the manufacturing sectorhas remained constant at 17%, out of the total of 27 per cent for the industry, including 10% for mining, quarrying, power, and gas. It is substantially lower than in several East Asian economies, ranging from 25% to 35%.
• Manufacturing has experienced annual growth rates of roughly 7% during the last decade.
• Manufacturing has grown at a pace of 9 to 10% every year since 2003. Economists estimate that manufacturing will meet its target over the next decade with appropriate government policy interventions and increased industry efforts to boost productivity.

Industrial Location

• The availability of raw materials, labour, capital, electricity and markets, among other factors, influences industrial location. All of these characteristics are rarely available in one place.
• Manufacturing activity tends to locate in the most appropriate site where all industrial location characteristics are accessible or can be arranged at a reduced cost.
• Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. Cities offer marketplaces and services to the industry, including banking, insurance, transportation, labour, consultants and financial guidance.
• Many industries seek to join together to take advantage of the benefits of metropolitan centres, known as agglomeration economies.
• During the pre-independence period, most manufacturing units were located strategically for international trade, such as Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai. As a result, certain pockets of industrially developed urban centres evolved, surrounded by a vast agricultural, rural sector.

Classification of Industries

As mentioned in the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions, industries are classified on the following basis:

1. Based on raw materials used:

a. Agro-Based Industry

b. Mineral Based Industry

The Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Questions And Answers gives a detailed description of the agro and mineral-based industry.

2. Based on the role performed:

a. Key Industry: Key industries are those that supply raw materials for producing other goods, such as iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminium smelting.

b. Consumer Industry: Industries in the consumer market create products like sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans, etc., for consumers to use directly.

3. Based on capital investment

a. Small-Scale Industry: A small-scale industry is characterised by the maximum investment allowed on a unit’s assets. The current full investment allowed is one crore rupees.

4. Based on ownership:

a. Public Sector: The government owns and operates the public sector industries. A few examples are BHEL, SAIL, etc.

b. Private Sector: Individuals or a group of individuals own and run private sector businesses. TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., and Dabur Industries are a few examples.

c. Joint Sector: Joint sector businesses are those the government jointly manages, a person, or a group of individuals. Public and private sectors together own Oil India Ltd. (OIL).

d. Cooperative Sector: Industries in the cooperative sector are owned by workers, raw material suppliers or both. They combine their resources and fairly share any gains or losses. Examples include the coir sector in Kerala and the sugar business in Maharashtra.

5. Based on the bulk of raw materials and finished goods

a. Heavy Industry: Industries using heavy raw materials and producing heavy goods are likewise known as heavy industries. Examples include the steel and iron industry.

b. Light Industry: Industries that use lightweight raw materials and produce light products are known as light industries. An example of the light industry is the electrical goods industry.

Agro-Based Industry

Agro-based companies are those that source their basic materials from the agricultural production of both plants and animals. They also increase the value of agricultural output by processing it and creating goods that can be sold and used. Jute, cotton, silk, woollen textiles, edible oil, sugar, etc., are agro-based industries.

A detailed description of the types of agro-based industries as provided by the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions is provided below:

1.Textile Industry

Due to its enormous contributions to industrial output, job creation and foreign exchange gains, the textile industry holds a unique position in the Indian economy. It is the only industry in the country that is self-sufficient and complete in the value chain, i.e., from raw materials to the highest value-added products.

2. Cotton Textiles

Farmers, cotton pickers and those who work in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, design, packing and sewing all rely on this sector of the economy for their survival. It helps a variety of other sectors, including chemicals and stains, packaging materials and engineering constructions. India produces world-class yarn for spinning, but it cannot use much of it for weaving, which results in low-quality cloth being created.

3. Jute Textiles:

India is the world’s largest producer of raw jute and jute items, and it ranks second in exports only to Bangladesh. Most of the mills are present in West Bengal, primarily along the banks of the Hugli river in a limited region. The sector faces intense competition in the international market from synthetic replacements and competitors such as Bangladesh, Brazil, the Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. Internal demand has increased due to the government’s mandated usage of jute packaging.

4. Sugar Industries

India is the world’s second-largest sugar producer, but it ranks first in Gur and Khandsari. The nature of this industry is seasonal. The seasonal nature of the sector, old and inefficient production methods, transportation delays in getting the cane to factories, and the need to maximise the use of bagasse are all major challenges.

Mineral Based Industry

Mineral-based industries are the primary sectors that rely on mineral ores for raw materials. It employs people from both rural and urban areas. A detailed description, as mentioned in the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions, of the industries falling in the category of the mineral-based industry is given below:

1. Iron and Steel Industry

The steel sector, like any other, is the backbone of the economy with heavy, medium and light industries relying on it for machinery. It is classified as a heavy industry since all raw materials and finished commodities are large and bulky, resulting in considerable transportation costs.

India is a major iron and steel manufacturing country in the world, but we are not performing to our full capacity, owing primarily to the following:

• The high cost and scarcity of coking coal.
• Reduced labour productivity.
• Inconsistent energy supply.
• Inadequate infrastructure.

2. Aluminium Smelting

The aluminium smelter is India’s second-largest metallurgical enterprise. It is utilised in the production of aeroplanes, cutlery and wires. Bauxite is a raw material used in foundries. In various sectors, the aluminium smelter has gained favour as an alternative to steel, copper, zinc and lead. The following characteristics can be discovered:

• It is light when weighed.
• It is resistant to corrosion.
• It is a good heat conductor.
• Flexible
• When combined with other metals, it becomes tough.

3. Chemical Industries

The chemical industry is made up of both large and small-scale manufacturing facilities. Both the organic and inorganic sectors have seen rapid growth. Inorganic compounds include sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash and caustic soda.

Petrochemical compounds which are used in producing synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dyes, medications and pharmaceutical items are examples of organic chemicals.

4. Fertiliser Industry

The fertiliser industry revolves around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers (mostly urea), phosphatic fertilisers and ammonium phosphate (DAP), and complex fertilisers that combine nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potash (K). The third, potash, is exclusively imported because the country has no sources of commercially useable potash or potassium compounds in any form. Half of the fertiliser is produced in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala.

5. Cement Industry

Cement is required for construction activities such as the construction of houses, industries, bridges, highways, airports, dams and other commercial buildings. Heavy raw minerals, including gypsum, silica, and limestone are needed for this sector.

6. Automobile Industry

The automobile sector produces trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles. Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru are also hosts to these industries.

7. Information Technology and Electronics Industry

The electronic industry encompasses many products, including transistors, television, telephones, cellular telecommunications, telephone exchanges, radar, computers and other telecommunications-related devices. It helped India gain employment. Bengaluru is well-known in India as the electronics capital of the country..

Industrial Pollution and Environment Degradation

Industries are responsible for the following kinds of pollution:

1. Air
2. Water
3. Thermal
4. Noise

A detailed description of the above kinds of pollution is mentioned in the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions is discussed below:

1. Air Pollution: A large proportion of unfavourable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide cause air pollution. Chemical and paper companies, brick kilns, refineries and smelting facilities all create smoke and the combustion of fossil fuels pollutes the air. It hurts human health, animals, plants, buildings and the environment.
2. Water Pollution: Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents released into rivers. Water pollution is mostly caused by the paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing industries and petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating businesses.
3. Thermal Pollution: When hot water from factories and thermal plants is discharged into rivers and ponds before cooling, it causes thermal pollution. Cancers, birth abnormalities and miscarriages are caused by waste from nuclear power plants and nuclear and weapon production sites. Soil and water contamination are inextricably linked. Dumping trash, particularly glass, hazardous chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage, renders the soil ineffective. Rainwater percolates into the ground, bringing contaminants with it, contaminating the groundwater in the process.
4. Noise Pollution: Noise pollution is defined as the spread of noise that negatively influences human or animal activity. It causes annoyance and fury, as well as hearing loss and increased blood pressure and heart rate. Noise is also produced by industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills.

Control of Environment Degradation

As mentioned in the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions, the following measures can help in reducing environmental degradation:

1. Reduce your water consumption by reusing and recycling.
2. Rainwater harvesting should be encouraged to meet water demands.
3. Warm water and wastewater treatment processes should be carried out before discharge to rivers and ponds
4. Airborne particles can be decreased by installing smoke stacks in plants with electrostatic dust collectors, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
5. You can lessen pollution by using oil and gas instead of coal in power plants.
6. Machines can be altered to be more energy efficient and quieter.

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions: Exercise and Solutions

Extramarks delivers credible, practical and trustworthy study materials to students. Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions comprises multiple-choice (MCQ), short-answer and long-answer questions. Students can utilise them to ace their exams and improve their grades.

Students can view Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions by clicking on the links below:

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5: Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5: Short Answer Type Questions

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5: Long Answer Type Questions

Students may access Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions and other chapters by clicking on the links below. In addition, students can also explore NCERT Solutions for other classes below.

Key Features of Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions provided by Extramarks make understanding the chapter’s key concepts easier. Students can use this resource to quickly review all the major concepts discussed in class, which will help them perform well on assessments.

The following are the benefits of studying from the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions:

• Subject experts prepare the Manufacturing Industries Class 10 NCERT Solutions with years of experience. It results in the creation of trustworthy and reliable study material for students to use.
• The Geography Class 10 Chapter 6 solution is written in a manner that students easily understand. The answers will strengthen their knowledge base for the chapter on Manufacturing Industries, helping them gain good marks in their examinations.
• Students studying the solutions can also have an overall revision of the chapter as The solutions include all the key concepts covered in the lesson. It can further help them develop a strong knowledge of the concepts and help them remember them for the examinations.
• The Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions are regularly updated as per the CBSE syllabus and guidelines. Therefore the students have access to the regularly updated concept content.