ICSE Class 10 Revision Notes

The ICSE Class 10 examination plays an important role in every student’s life as the scores obtained in this examination also help students decide which stream to choose in their higher secondary classes. To prepare well for this examination, students need to gear up their preparation for which they need to understand the concepts and theories so that they can attempt all the questions in the examination. To ace the preparation, Extramarks provides ICSE class 10 revision notes,  keeping in mind the specific needs of the students. They can visit the website of Extramarks to get the necessary study materials such as ICSE class 10 notes. 

Class 10 Revision and Short Key Notes for ICSE

Students preparing for their class 10 board examination should concentrate more on concepts and fundamentals. Once the syllabus is complete, students can revise all the chapters with the help of revision notes. The notes help students understand the topics easily, especially when preparing for the examination. In addition, students can also refer to their ICSE class 10 handwritten notes. However, the revision notes will help students pace their revision and brush up on all the concepts. To make it easy for students, Extramarks has listed ICSE class 10 revision notes which will help them  revise all the concepts quickly. Students can visit the website and access the revision notes as per subject. 

Revision Notes for ICSE Class 10

Students can refer to the subject-wise revision notes for ICSE Class 10 below: 

Mathematics 

• A bank is an institution that performs the activities of depositing and lending money. 
• A bank performs various functions like lending, depositing, transferring, advancing loan, security bond transactions, receiving or taking deposits for the payment of various bills. 
• There are three types – bearers, crossed, and order cheques. 
• There are three types of accounts available with the bank,
  1. Current account for continuous or regular transactions. 
  2. Savings account valid only for drawings and deposits of money. 
  3. Fixed deposit accounts involve deposits of money for a certain period of time. 

• Shares are the smallest form of ownership of a joint stock company. 

• The person with shares of any company is called shareholder and is the owner of the company. 

• There are two types of shares,

• Equity shares 

• Preference shares

• The company pays a dividend to the shareholders as a return. 

• Debentures are the tool which the company issues to meet its long term requirements. 

• An inequation means that one of the equations is less or more than the other one. 

• There are two sets involved in the inequation 

• Solution set is the replacement set which is similar to the given equation. 

• • Universal sets are the out of which a number is chosen. 

• It means an equation which is in the form of xa²+yx+z=0. 
• Common factors and divisions are the expressions which divide the expression equally. 
• The roots of the given equation can be checked by substituting the values given. 
• It is important to check the roots of the given equation after squaring both the sides. 

• If x and y is a number and the quotient x/y is expressed as x:y, then it is called a ratio. 
• Another form of the ratio is compounded ratio, in which more than two or two ratios are multiplied value wise. 
• If the consequent and antecedent terms of the ratio are multiplied by the same number, then the value of the ratio remains the same. 
• In a situation where the four given expressions are like this: the first one is the same as the second one, and the third one is the same as the fourth, then the last term is in proportion. 

• • Polynomials are the expressions in algebra that involve indeterminate numbers and coefficients. 

• If any polynomial is divided with a non-zero polynomial, then a unique expression is created. 

• Matrices are the arrangement of numbers in a rectangular form, which means in rows and columns with brackets. 
• If a matrix involves 5 rows and 6 columns, then it is called 5×6 matrixes. 
• There are several types of matrices, like row, column, square, rectangular, unit or identity, diagonal, and transpose. 
• Matrices can be equal when both the sides of them are in identical order or their complementary units are equal. 

• A sequence is an arrangement in which numbers are kept in the proper order. 
• An arithmetic progression is the group of numbers in which every number is obtained by adding a particular number to the preceding expression. 
• General terms in arithmetic progression is, tn= a+ (n-1)d

• A sequence is a geometric progression if the ratio of any of its preceding terms is the same in the entire expression. 
• Sequence means the orderly arrangement of numbers. 
• A sequence of finite numbers is known as a finite sequence. 
• A sequence that does not have the last term is known as an infinite sequence. 

• Coordinate origin and axis is a perpendicular number line which intersects each other at the zero. 
• Reflection means the exact image formed when something is placed in front of a mirror.  
• The points are expressed in numbers which are known as coordinates . 
• The image formed by the mirror is congruent to the original object. 
• Section formula is generally used to calculate the coordinates of a point which makes the line segment into two equal parts. 

• Midpoint formula is used to calculate the coordinates of the midpoints within two points in a single segment. 
• Centroid of a triangle is the line which joins the vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of another side. 

• Inclination of a line is the angle made by a line in a positive direction of the horizontal axis in the anti clock direction. 
• If ∅ shows the line l, then tan ∅ is the gradient or slope of that line. 
• The slope of the y axis is not defined while the slope of the x axis is 0. 
• The slope of a perpendicular line is not defined. 
• There are three forms of equations of a straight lines,
  • Point slope form 
  • Slope intercept form
  • Two point form

• Two figures are similar when they have the identical shape even if the size is not similar. 
• Size transformation is the process of making a figure large by considering the scale factor. 
• There are three kind of similarities between the triangles 
  • AA similarity when the two sides of the triangle are equal or similar. 
  • SAS similarity when the corresponding sides along with proportional and induced angles are equal. 
  • SSS similarity when the corresponding sides of the triangle are equal. 

• The locus of points is a common point of all the points. 
• Each line after satisfying the geometrical conditions is called locus. 
• The locus point which is equal distance from two points is the perpendicular bisector of the line. 
• The locus of point which is the equi distance from the two lines intersecting each other is the lines which bisects the angle which is formed by the line. 
• Every point is equidistant from the angle arms. 

• Circle is the way of points that are equidistant from a common point. 
• The radius of a circle is the point at the center of the circle. 
• Diameter is the double of the radius of a circle. 
• Chord is the line which joins the points of two circles.   
• Arch is any two points of the surface of the circle. 

• Secant is the line which divides the circle in two parts. 

• Tangent is the line which touches any point of the circles. 

• The tangent is perpendicular to the radius at any point. 

• There can be two tangents for a circle through a point inside a circle. 

• The internal bisector in a triangle is concurrent. 

• Right circular cylinder is a solid which has circular cross sections.
  • CSA= perimeter x Height = 2πrh
  • TSA= 2πr(h+r)
  • Volume = πr²h
• Right circular hollow cylinder is hollow inside. 
  • TSA= 2πRh+2πrh+2π(R²-r²)
  • Volume= π(R²-r²)h 
• Right Circular cone
  • TSA= πr(l+r) 
  • CSA= πrl
  • Volume= πr(l+r)
• Sphere 
  • Surface area= 4πr²
  • Volume= 4/3 πr³
• Spherical shell 
  • Outer surface area= 4πR²
  • Volume= 4/3 π(R³-r³)
• Hemisphere 
  • TSA= 3πr²
  • Volume= 2/3πr³

• Trigonometric identities are the values which are equal for all the variables in the identity. 
• Angles with magnitude and direction are called directed angles. 
• Every trigonometric ratio is a real number. 
• An angle when formed with two rays, then it’s called terminal and initial rays.

• When an object is seen from an angle made by the line of sight when it’s above the horizontal level is called angle of elevation. 
• The angle of dispersion is the angle seen when it is formed with the line of sight with the horizontal level when it’s below the horizontal level. 
• Pythagoras theorem states that in a right angle triangle, the hypotenuse square is equal to the addition of the squares of the other two sides. 

• A histogram is the frequency distribution in a rectangular form with class intervals and corresponding frequencies with zero gap between the successive rectangles. 
• Cumulative frequency is the sum of frequencies up to a certain point. 
• The grouped data are represented with an ogive, which is always a rising curve. 

• Median is the tool which divides the data into two equal parts. 

• M= (n+1)/2 th term. 

• Mode is the value of the variable which has the maximum frequency.

•  Quartiles are the division of data set into four equal parts, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. Probability measures the degree of certainty and uncertainty in numeric forms. 

• Experiments in probability means an action which has been performed several times. 

• The result of an experience is called an event. 

• Sample space is made up of all the possible or expected results of a data. 
• The addition to the favorable and unfavorable results is equal to the exhaustive numbers or variables in the experiments. 

Physics 

• Force is the energy which causes change to a body which is in rest or in uniform motion. 
• Forces are of two types
  • Contact force
  • No contact force
• Newton (N) is the SI unit of force. 
• Friction is the force which causes force on the opposite side of the moving object. 
• The effect of a force on a body along an axis is referred to as the moment of force.

• It will be said that the work is done when the force applied to a body will cause displacement. 
  • Work= force x displacement in the direction of force
• Work down by gravity means when the body moves from an upward to a downward direction. 
  • W= mg×h
• Power is the rate of carrying out an activity of transferring energy
  • P= W/t. 
• Energy is the capability of doing  it and carrying it out..
• Energy are of two types, 
  • Mechanical energy 
  • Kinetic energy 
• The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be destroyed nor be created. 

•  Machines are the tools that help us carry out our daily activities efficiently and effectively. 
• Velocity ratio is the ratio of effort velocity to the load. 
  • V.R.= Effort velocity/load velocity
• Fulcrum is the point at which the lever turns and passes. 
• Block is the sum of two or more pulleys. 
• Tackle is the string around the pulley. 

• Refraction is the change in the direction of light from one medium to another. 
• There are two laws of refraction 
  • The incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal lies in the same plane. 
  • The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant. 
• Lateral displacement is the perpendicular displacement of the path of the incident ray. 
• Prism is a triangle shaped glass attached with two plane surfaces.
• Total internal reflection states that the light ray moving from a denser medium to a rarer medium is reflected back to its path on the same medium. 

• Lens is a transparent refracting plane bounded by curved glasses, spherical in shape. 
• There are two types of lens, 
  • Convex lenses are the converging lens which is thicker in the middle while thinner in the edges. 
  • Concave lenses are the diverging lens which is thinner in the middle and thicker in the edges. 

•  Light is a form of invisible energy in electromagnetic waves which causes us the sensation of vision. 

• • Dispersion is the way through which the light is divided into seven different colours when it passes through a prism. 

• Spectrum means the order in which the seven colours come out of a prism. 

• When an object vibrates, moves to and fro, it causes sound. 
• Echo is the sound reflected from a large surface. 
• Electric current is the amount of charge travelling from a cross section of a conductor. 
• Power is the rate of carrying out an activity. 
• The house wiring involves two types, tree system, and ring system. 
• Right hand thumb rule is a situation when a current carrying conductor is in the right hand of a person in a way that the thumb is pointing towards the direction of current, and the direction of the fingers represents the current, it gives the direction of the magnetic force. 

Biology 

• Cell cycle is the process that occurs in the cell leading to its division producing two daughter cells. 
• Genetics is the branch of biology which primarily deals with the study of genes and heredity. 
• The law of independent assortment states that inheritance of every character is different and free from other characters. 
• Absorption is the process by which roots absorb water from the ground. 
• Transpiration is the process in which water is lost in the form of vapours from the s  leaves and other aerial parts of the plant.
• The main elements which make the circulation system of a body are heart and blood vessels. 
• The circulatory system is responsible for transporting water and oxygen to different parts of the body.    
• Circulatory system involves the network of tissues and blood vessels to circulate oxygen and blood to each and every part of the body.  

Chemistry  

• The periodic table is the set of information regarding the chemical nature and mass of different elements in the world. 
• Acids are the compounds which when dissolved in water  gives hydronium ions. 
• Bases are the elements which give salt and water when reacted with acids. 
• Salt is a chemical compound that consists of an iconic assembly of negatively charged anions and positively charged cations. Both of these result in a compound that has no net electric charge.
• Electrolytes are those substances which let the electric current flow. 
• The organic compounds which involve atoms in ring shape are called cyclic compounds. 

Benefits of using Extramarks’s revision and short keys

One of the best ways to prepare for the ICSE class 10 examination is going through the revision notes before the examination. Since the students do not get much time in between the examinations to go through the entire chapters properly, they can visit the Extramarks website and access ICSE class 10 revision notes. The notes are very organised, crisp and easy to understand. Students can rely on them to quickly brush up on the concepts across chapters.