ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 10 – Nitric Acid

The inorganic substance which has the formula HNO3 is nitric acid. It is a mineral acid that is very corrosive. The substance is colourless, but older samples frequently have a yellow cast from decomposition into nitrogen oxides. Nitric acid is most commonly found in water at a concentration of 68 percent. Nitric acid that is fuming when the solution contains more than 86 percent HNO3. Fumigating nitric acid is further classified as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86 percent or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95 percent depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present. It is a crucial part of the ICSE curriculum.

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Revision Notes for ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 10 – Free PDF Download

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Nitric Acid

Nitric acid is a corrosive substance that can cause serious damage to the skin and eyes. It is important to wear protective gear when handling nitric acid and to be sure to wash thoroughly after exposure. This substance is often used in industrial settings and can be dangerous if not handled properly.

Uses

As a matter of fact, it is primarily used in the production of dyes and drugs. Furthermore, it is used in the production of explosives such as trinitrotoluene, or TNT, nitroglycerine, and picric acid, which are also explosives. Ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate are salts that are primarily used to fertilize the soil, though they can also be used as insecticides. It is used for preserving stainless steel, etching metals, and rocket fuels as an oxidiser and as a method of purifying silver and gold. It was used in the purification process of gold and silver in their purification process. The chemical doping agent can also be used for organic semiconductors as a chemical doping agent. The process of separating raw carbon nanotubes from their precursors also uses this compound for its purification. This method is used to create the appearance of grey-gold on pine and maple wood that has been artificially aged. As well as forming nitrous acids, hyponitrous acids, nitrous acids, per nitric acids, and nitric acids, it can also form oxoacids. These uses are all explained in the ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 10. There are multiple other uses of the same.

Preparation

The method of preparing nitric acid is by heating the potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate with concentrated sulphuric acid is given below.

KNO3+H2SO4KHSO4+HNO3

Potassium nitrate sulphuric acid nitric acid

NaNO3+H2SO4NaHSO4+HNO3

Sodium nitrate sulphuric acid nitric acid

In a huge amount, it is prepared with the help of a process known as Ostwald’s process. The first stage is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia into nitric oxide.

4NHO3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g)+6H2O

The nitric oxide is then oxidised to nitrogen dioxide to form nitric acid.

2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2

Nitric oxide oxygen nitrogen dioxide

3NO2(g)+H2O(g)2HNO3(aq)+NO(g)

Nitrogen dioxide water nitric acid

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ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes

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Revision Notes

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