CBSE Class 11 Revision Notes

CBSE Class 11 Revision Notes and Key Point 

CBSE Class 11 plays an important role in a student’s life, and it lays the foundation for advanced learning in Class 12th. We all know that the schedule of Classes 11th and 12th can be quite hectic and stressful. Considering this, Extramarks provides students with revision notes for Class 11. 

Experts and professionals prepare the NCERT revision notes keeping in mind the latest curriculum. The revision notes are specially prepared to help students revise the concepts before the exam and boost their confidence.

CBSE Class 11 Revision Notes 

Students appearing for the Class 11 exam can use revision notes available on Extramarks for quick revision. Given below is the link to download CBSE Class 11 Revision Notes.

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 11 

Given below are the subject wise revision notes for CBSE Class 11:

Biology notes 

Unit 1: Diversity of Living Organ

Chapter 1: The Living World 

• There are many living organisms on this planet. Every creature has unique features such as metabolism, development, digeston, excretion, growth, movement, reproduction, ability to sense, nutrition, etc. the place where all the living organisms are found is known as the living world. 
• In the chapter of The Living World students will be able to learn about the different living things such as migrating birds, animals, plants, etc. and their habitats such as cold mountains, deep oceans, freshwater lakes and hot deserts. 

Chapter 2: The Biological Classification 

• The process of arranging or segregating the known organisms into a particular group and subgroups is known as Biological Classification. The organisms are classified on the basis of the similarities with other organisms, their characteristics and habitats. The study of the classification helps the students in understanding the different types of features according to the living ecosystem. 

Kingdom– Phylum–Class–Order–Family–Genus–Species.

In 1950s an American Scientist R.H Whittaker classified the organisms into five different kingdoms. The basis of the classification was a few characteristic features. They are as follows:

• Phylogenetic relationships
• Mode of nutrition 
• Reproduction 
• Organisation 
• Cell Structure 

The five different kingdoms for the biological classification are:

• Kingdom Animalia 
• Kingdom Plantae 
• Kingdom Fungi 
• Kingdom Protista 
• Kingdom Monera 

Chapter 3: The Plant Kingdom 

The classification of the plant kingdom started from Aristotle in the 20th Century. These can be divided into three types:

• Phylogenetic system: This type of classification is based on the evolutionary relationships of the plants. The usage of phylogeny was done by Hutchinson, Prantl and Engler, Whittaker, Blessy and Eichler. 
• Natural System: In this type of system the classification of the plants is done according to the important related characters. All the characters including the external and internal features are used for the classification. Candolle, Adanson, Bentham and Hooker used the natural system for the classifications. 
• Artificial System: In this type of classification few morphological characters are considered. Linaeus, Pliny and Theophrastus used this classification. 
• Numerical Taxonomy: It is a type of taxonomy where statistical methods are used with equal importance to the computers. 

The cryptogamae is divided further into Pteridophyta, Bryophyta and Thallophyta. 

• Thallophyta: The plants included in this group are thallus type [undifferentiated plant body].
• Bryophyta: The plants included in this group have a root like structure, stem like structure and vascular tissues are absent. 
• Pteridophyta: The plants included in this group are differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. If vascular tissues are present it is known as vascular cryptogams 

Thallophyta are further divided into:

• Lichens: Symbiotic association between algae and fungi. 
• Fungi: [non pigmented thallophytes]
• Algae: [pigmented thallophytes]

Phanerogamae is further divided into:

• Angiosperms [covered seeded plants]
• Gymnosperms [naked seed plants]

The group of Angiosperms are again divided into:

• Dicots (have two cotyledons, taproot system, and reticulate venation). 
• Monocots (bearing single cotyledon, fibrous root system, and parallel venation)  
• Due to the Presence of Embryos the Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms are called Embryophyta.
• Due to the Presence of Vascular Tissue, the Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms are called Tracheophytes.

Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

The Animal Kingdom is the largest kingdom among the five kingdoms. The different members of the kingdom are heterotrophs, multicellular and eukaryotes that get energy by feeding on other plants or animals. There are 9 to 10 million species of animals present and only 800,000 to 900,000 are identified. The kingdom includes the amphibians, fish, reptiles, mammals, etc. Every member included in this kingdom has their own unique characteristics. 

The classification of this kingdom is further divided into phyla and subphylum. The different phyla of the animal kingdom are as follows:

• Phylum Vertebrata
• Phylum Protochordata
• Phylum Echinodermata
• Phylum Mollusca
• Phylum Arthropoda
• Phylum Annelida
• Phylum Nematoda
• Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Phylum Coelenterata
• Phylum Porifera

Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals 

Chapter 5: Morphology of the Flowering Plants 

The morphology of the flowering plants includes the study of external features of the plants. The external parts include the shoot system and root system. 

Root system:

The underground part of the plant is the root system and is generated from the seed embryo. The major functions of the root are:providing support to the plant, storage of nutrients and food and absorption of water required for the development. The different types of roots:

• Adventitious root: Oak trees and Cypress are examples of adventitious root plants.
• Shoot system.
• Fibrous root -Wheat, Rice, and Maize are examples of fibrous root plants.
• Taproot – Carrot, and Radish are examples of tap root plants.
• The part of the plant that bears fruits, buds, flowers and leaves is known as the shoot system. The major functions of the system are the transport of the fluids between the shoot and root system, support and elevation of the flowers, leaves and fruits and production of the new tissues and store of nutrients. 
• Leaves are the main organ through which the biological process of photosynthesis takes place. 
• Flower is known as bloom or blossom as the main function is development of seeds and fruits. The external partsof the flowers are carpels, stamens, petals and sepals. 

Chapter 6: Anatomy of the Flowering Plants 

Group of cells that have identical properties and work together to attain a specific function is known as a tissue. The two different types of tissues are:

Meristematic tissues

Groups of cells that can divide easily and form new cells are known as meristematic tissues. The main function of these tissues is growth of the plant. These tissues are further divided into:

• Permanent tissues
• Intercalary meristem
• Lateral meristem
• Apical meristem

Permanent tissues

The tissues of the plant that have lost their ability to distribute or divide properly are known as permanent tissues. These tissues are formed by the meristematic tissues. They are responsible to provide the strength, flexibility and elasticity to the plant. The permanent tissues are further divided into:

• Complex Peanent Tissue
• Simple Permanent Tissue

Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals 

All the animals have different levels of organisation. Multicellular animals are made up of millions of cells whereas the unicellular animals are made up of a single cell. The tissues are mainly divided into four different types. They are as follows:

• Neural tissues: The main function of the neural tissues are:
• Coordination of the glans and muscles through the nerve muscle induction 
• Transmission of messages
• Muscular tissues: The main function of these tissues is the movement and locomotion of the different parts of the body. 
• Connective tissues: They are involved in the support, attachment and connection between the different tissues. 
• Epithelial tissues:These tissues help in secretion, reproduction, protection, excretion and absorption. 

Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function 

Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life

Robert Hooke coined the term cell in 1665. A cell is defined as a particle with specialised organelles with a variety of functions. There are two main types of cells:

Eukaryotic cells:

The cells with a true nucleus and other specialised organelles are known as eukaryotic cells. All the organisms including the reptiles, algae, animals and plants are grouped into eukaryotes and made of many cells. 

Prokaryotic cells:

The cells that do not contain a true nucleus are known as prokaryotic cells. Different types of single celled organisms or unicellular organisms such as paramecium, bacteria and amoeba are groped under the prokaryotes. 

Chapter 9: Biomolecules 

The biological molecules that can occur naturally in living cells are known as biomolecules. These molecules are polymers of high molecular weight and made up of hydrogen, carbon molecules with sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. The different molecules are covalently bonded together. The four major classes of the biomolecules are: 

• Carbohydrates
• Nucleic acids
• Proteins
• Lipids

Unit 4: Plant Physiology 

• Transportation of food, nutrition, water and minerals is necessary for the growth and development. Proper nutrition in the higher plants are necessary for the growth of the plants. 
• Mineral nutrition is essential for the plants. They are divided into macronutrients and micronutrients. 
• The procedure of photosynthesis is essential for the plants. There are 4 different pigments in the leaves involved in the process. The two types of photosynthesis process are:
  • Light Independent Reaction
  • Light Dependent Reaction

Unit 5: Human Physiology 

• The procedure of the breakdown of the large, insoluble and complex food substance into small and soluble substances that can be easily absorbed is known as digestion. Digestion of a catabolic process that can release energy. Digestion is divided into chemical and mechanical digestion. 
• The respiratory system starts from the external nostrils and opens into the nasal cavity. The cavity extends into bronchioles, bronchi, trachea and larynx. The respiratory system is divided into conduction and exchange parts. 
• The mechanism of respiration involves the inhalation and exhalation. 
• Human circulatory system is complex. The major functions of the circulatory system are:
• Transportation of the hormones from the site of production to the tissues. 
• Distribution of water and other important substances all over the body. 
• Carrying of the waste products from different tissues and organs to the excretory system. 
• Transportation of the nutrients from the site of absorption to different organs and tissues. 

Physics notes 

Chapter 1: The Physical World 

• The chapter helps the students in learning the basic methods that are used to measure the things and origin of physics. The chapter talks about the fundamental forces of nature, important definitions and tables and technology related to physics. 
• The chapter also links physics to meteorology, astronomy, etc. 

Chapter 2: Units and Measurements

• Students will learn how they can measure length, mass or speed. Various dimensional forms of different physical quantities related to physics are mentioned. 

Chapter 3: Motion in a Straight Line

Any object moving or changing its position is said to be in motion. There are different types of motions. They are as follows:

• Periodic motions 
• Oscillatory motion 
• Rectilinear motion 
• Periodic motion 
• Uniform circular motion 
• Rotatory motion 

Chapter 4: Motion in a Plane 

Vectors are the geometrical entities that can have magnitude and direction. The chapter also discussed Lami’s theorem. The theorem is as follows:

Chapter 5: Law of Motion

There are three laws of motion. They are as follows:

• Newton’s first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless and until an external force is applied to change its state. 
• The second law states that velocity of the object will change if an external force is applied to the object. 
• The third law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. 

Chemistry notes 

Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 

Chemistry is the science that studies the composition, structure and properties of matter. Chemistry is further divided into following branches:

• Analytical Chemistry 
• Organic Chemistry 
• Biochemistry 
• Organic Chemistry 
• Inorganic Chemistry 
• Physical Chemistry

Chapter 2: The Structure of an Atom 

The chapter discusses the discovery and properties of electrons, protons and neutrons. 

• Some of the important points in the chapter as as follows: 
• Charge on the anode is positive 
• Charge on the cathode is negative 

The chapter further discussed the:

• Origin of anode and cathode rays 
• Charge to mass ratio of an electron 
• Charge of an electron 

The chapter includes the wave nature of the atom. So the following topics are discussed:

• Wavenumber 
• Wavelength 
• Velocity 
• Time 
• Frequency 
• Amplitude

Chapter 9: Hydrogen 

• Hydrogen spectrum is used to show the quantized electronic structure of an atom. There are various isotopes of hydrogen. The isotopes are tritium, deuterium and hydrogen. It is also used at various places. 

Chapter 10: The S block elements 

• Certain specific parts of the elements are called as the s block elements as their valence electrons are in the s orbital. They can undergo various chemical reactions and can be used at many places.

Business Studies notes 

Chapter 1: Business, Trade and Commerce 

• The chapter helps the students in understanding the meaning of terms such as commerce, trade and business. 

Chapter 2: Forms of Business Organization 

• The chapter discusses the various aspects related to the business organisation. A business organisation is defined as the setup that is formed to carry the commercial enterprise buying and selling. 
• A joint stock company is one of the business forms that is owned by the investors. In this type of organisation an investor owning a share is based on the amount of stock purchased. 

Chapter 3: Private, Public and Global Enterprise

The chapter will help the students in learning the concepts such as:

• Private and public sector 
• Form of public sector enterprises
• Departmental undertaking
• Features 
• Merits and demerits
• Public corporation or Statutory corporation 
• Characteristic features 
• Advantages 
• Limitations 
• Government companies 
• Advantages and disadvantages 
• Role of public sector 
• Features 
• Global enterprise 
• Joint venture 
• Demerits and merits

Chapter 4: Business Service 

The chapter discusses the important topics such as:

• Meaning of the service sector 
• Nature of services 
• Types of services 
• Business services 
• Social services
• Personal services 
• Categories of business services 
• Banking 
• Commercial banks 
• Co operative banks 
• Central banks 
• Specialised banks 
• Functions of the commercial banks 
• E banking 
• Insurance 
• Functions and principles 
• Types of insurance 
• Postal services 

Mathematics notes 

Chapter 1: Sets 

• Sets are defined as the collection of the objects that are considered as entities themselves.  They are symbolised using the letters such as A, B, S or Z. 

Chapter 2: Relations and Functions 

• A relation is defined as the relationship between the two or more sets of the information.
• Function is defined as the well behaved or managed relationship. 

Chapter 3: Trigonometric Functions 

• Trigonometric functions are used to describe the relationship between the sides and angles of a right angled triangle. 
• The trigonometric functions include the following:
• Cosecant 
• Secant 
• Cotangent 
• Tangent 
• Cosine
• Sine 

Chapter 4: Mathematical Induction 

A technique that is used to prove a particular statement, theorem or formula which is true for every natural number is known as mathematical induction.

Economics

Chapter 1: The Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence 

Students will get proper information on the Indian Economy if they are reading chapter 1. 

Chapter 2: Indian Economy 1950-1990

The chapter will discuss the Indian economic conditions after the independence period. 

Chapter 3: Poverty 

• The major reasons for the poverty in India are as follows:
• High level of illiteracy 
• Poor health care facilities 
• Ack of finance 
• These factors can contribute to poverty at a great pace. 
• Poverty line is another important topic covered in this chapter. The Poverty line is defined as that level of a personal or family income below which an individual is classified as poor according to the standards of the government. 
• The concept of privatisation is discussed in the chapter to help the students in learning. It is defined as the transfer of ownership, property or business from the government bodies to the private sector. 

Chapter 4: Rural Development 

• There are many types of industries. Rural industries is one of the most famous industry types in India. 
• Various types of rural industries are mentioned below:
• Rural self help groups
• Rural cooperatives in India 
• Handloom industries 
• Forest industries 
• Agriculture industries 

Sustainable development is another important concept covered in this chapter. It is defined as the practice or an approach that is used for growing the resources that will allow them to renew or continue so that upcoming generations can also use them. 

Key Features of NCERT Notes Class 11

The key features of the NCERT notes are as follows:

• Students can access the notes offline 
• Candidates can study from notes at their own pace
• All of the topics covered are as per the CBSE curriculum and guidelines
• The language of the notes is simple to read and understand

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Why Extramarks CBSE Revision Notes?

Revision notes are ideally one of the best study materials for exam preparation. The following are the benefits of referring to CBSE Revision Notes available on Extramarks:

• Extramarks provides chapter-wise CBSE revision notes covering all the important topics
• The revision notes are prepared by a team of expert teachers in simple language that is easy to understand 
• The notes are specifically created to help students preparing for the Class 11 exam
• These notes are perfect for last-minute hassle-free revision to boost the confidence of students before the exam