CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes Chapter 14

CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy

As per the CBSE Syllabus and CBSE Sample Papers, chapter 14 “Sources of Energy” is very important from the final class X board’s perspective. Considering that, Extramarks has prepared Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Notes by reviewing the NCERT Books and adhering to CBSE guidelines. Along with the CBSE Class, 10 Science Revision Notes Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy, the website also gives access to CBSE Previous Year Question Papers, important questions, etc. 

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CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy Revision Notes

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Energy comes in many forms and may be transferred from one to another. An excellent source can provide energy in a handy form for an extended period of time.

Conventional Sources of Energy 

• Fossil Fuels 

Fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources. There are further drawbacks to using fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels releases acidic oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur. These cause acid rain, which impacts our water and soil resources. In addition to the issue of air pollution, consider the greenhouse impact of gases such as carbon dioxide.

By enhancing combustion efficiency and employing different techniques to prevent toxic gases and ashes from escaping into the environment, you can mitigate some of the pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion.

• Thermal Power Plant

Every day, large amounts of fossil fuels are used in power plants to heat water to make steam, which drives the turbine to generate electricity. It is more efficient to transport electricity than coal or petroleum over the same distance. As a result, many thermal power stations are built near coal or oil reserves. The phrase thermal power plant refers to a facility where fuel is burned to generate heat energy, which is then turned into electrical energy.

• Hydro Power Plants

The kinetic energy of flowing water or the potential energy of water at a height was another ancient source of energy. Hydropower facilities generate electricity by converting the potential energy of falling water. Hydropower plants are connected with dams because very few waterfalls might be exploited as a source of potential energy.

To generate hydel energy, high-rise dams are built on rivers to restrict water flow and collect it in more enormous reservoirs. The water level increases and the kinetic energy of flowing water is converted into potential energy. The water from the dam’s higher level is transferred through pipes to the turbine at the dam’s bottom.

Conventional energy technology improvements

• Biomass  

Cow dung cakes are biomass fuel. Given India’s enormous livestock population, this can also provide us with a consistent source of fuel. Because these fuels are made from plant and animal products, the source of these fuels is referred to as biomass. These fuels, on the other hand, do not create much heat when burned and emit a lot of smoke. As a result, technical improvements to increase the efficiency of these fuels are required. When wood is burned with a limited supply of oxygen, the water and volatile compounds included in it are eliminated, leaving charcoal as the residue. Charcoal burns without flames, produces less smoke and is more efficient at producing heat.

Likewise, in the lack of oxygen, cow dung, other plant components such as crop residue, vegetable waste, and sewage breakdown produce biogas. Because the initial ingredient is primarily cow manure, it is colloquially known as ‘gobar-gas.’

• Wind energy 

Windmills used to use kinetic energy to conduct mechanical operations. In a water-lifting pump, for example, the rotatory action of a windmill is used to elevate water from a well. 

Wind energy is now used to create power as well. A windmill is a structure comparable to a giant electric fan that is raised to a certain height on a solid framework. The rotatory motion of the windmill is utilised to turn the turbine of the electric generator to create power.

A single windmill’s production is relatively tiny and cannot be used for commercial reasons. As a result, many windmills are placed across a vast region, forming a wind energy farm. The energy output of each windmill on a farm is combined to generate commercial-scale power.

Non-conventional sources of energy 

• Solar energy 

The conversion of solar energy into electricity can be achieved by solar cells (photovoltaic cells). Photovoltaic cells convert solar light into electricity using silicon solar cells. Solar panels are made up of solar cells that are stacked on large flat sheets. Other solar devices include solar water heaters, solar furnaces, and so on. Solar cookers contain a large glass plate and are black on the outside to collect solar energy via the greenhouse effect.

• Tidal energy 

The level of water in the sea rises and drops due to the gravitational attraction of the moon on the spinning planet. If you live near the water or visit an area near the sea, try to notice how the sea level changes during the day. These are known as high and low tides, and the difference in water levels provides us with tidal energy. Tidal energy is captured by building a dam over a narrow sea entrance. Tidal energy is converted to power via a turbine installed at the dam’s entrance.

• Wave energy 

Conversely, the kinetic energy of big waves along the seashore may be retained in a similar way to create power. Strong winds sweeping over the water create the waves. Wave energy would be feasible only if the waves are pretty powerful. Many technologies have been created to capture wave energy for turbine rotation and power generation.