CBSE Class 12 Maths NCERT Solutions 2023-24

Class 12 Maths NCERT Solutions

Class 12 is a game changer in a student’s life when they decide on a career or profession. The subjects that students study in Classes 11 and 12 form the foundation for their career choice or professional course. As a result, all subjects are equally important to them. Maths is especially useful for students who want to pursue Engineering or be a statistician in the future. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has divided the curriculum into terms I and II for the 2023-24 academic year. The first term has seven chapters, while the second term has only six. Students can access the CBSE Maths syllabus below.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapters

CBSE Syllabus 

Term 1

Unit-I: Relations and Functions

1. Relations and Functions

Types of relations: Equivalence, Reflexive, Symmetric, and Transitive relations. One-to-one and onto functions.

2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Definition, range, domain, principal value branch.

Unit-II: Algebra

1. 1. Matrix

Matrix concepts, notation, order, equality, matrix types, zero and identity matrices, matrix transpose, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices Matrix operations: Addition, multiplication, and scalar multiplication Simple addition, multiplication, and scalar multiplication properties Non-commutativity of matrix multiplication, invertible matrices (All matrices will have real entries).

2. Determinants

Determinants of square matrices (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors, and determinant applications in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Solve a system of linear equations in two or three variables (with a unique solution) using the inverse of a matrix.

Unit-III: Calculus

1. Continuity and Differentiability

Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions.

Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, a derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second-order derivatives.

2. Applications of Derivatives

Applications of derivatives: increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).

Unit-V: Linear Programming

1. Linear Programming

Introduction, related terminologies such as constraints, objective function, optimization, and different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems. graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, and optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

Term 2

Unit III: Calculus

1. Integrals

Integration Is an inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions, and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals and problems based on them. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.

2. Applications of the Integrals

Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, parabolas; area of circles /ellipses (in standard form only) (the region should be clearly identifiable).

3. Differential Equations

Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation.

Unit-IV: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

1. Vectors 

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors.

2. Three – Dimensional Geometry

Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, the shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.

Unit-VI: Probability

1. Probability

Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution.

The CBSE and many state boards are now using the NCERT official textbooks for Classes 11 and 12 in their school course curriculum. Furthermore, the NCERT book is recommended for various competitive examinations such as IIT, NEET, UPSC, and so on. This is because the textbook’s content is written in a straightforward and easy-to-understand manner. By studying these books, one can progress from the basics to a higher level.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths – CBSE 2023-24

The NCERT Maths textbook for Class 12 is divided into 13 major chapters. Practicing the problems given at the end of the chapter in the textbook allows students to quickly gain speed and master problem-solving skills. Hence, students should work on these with an updated solutions book. Working on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths will help you brush up on your basics and understand the concept in depth.

Students will benefit from studying the CBSE Maths NCERT Solutions as each concept is explained in detail.  To download the solutions, go to the chapter-specific link and free download the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths from there. These NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Maths will also assist you in passing the most difficult engineering entrance exams such as JEE Main, JEE Advanced, BITSAT, and others.

Extramarks provides NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths that have been designed by subject experts to support the smooth and precise understanding of concepts. These Class 12 Maths NCERT Solutions provide detailed, step-by-step explanations of problems found in textbooks. Aside from solutions for each chapter of CBSE Class 12 Maths, students can also access previous year’s question papers and important questions as study materials for preparing for their Class 12 board exams.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths

For all in-text questions, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths provides detailed and easy-to-understand answers. These solutions are excellent learning materials for students preparing for Class 12 exams, as they will assist them in answering questions more efficiently. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths in this section are based on the NCERT syllabus and curriculum. With these solutions, students can better prepare for their CBSE Class 12 exams.

Maths Class 12 NCERT Solutions Exercise

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Maths provides a solid conceptual foundation for all of the exercises included in the CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus. If you want to excel in Class 12 Maths, then these Chapter Wise NCERT Solutions from Extramarks by subject matter experts will be of great assistance to you. It covers all of the key theorems and formulae in each chapter. Once you have mastered the concepts and logic of all sums, you should be able to achieve a good percentage in Class 12 Maths.

Students can look into the chapter’s name and download the solution for that particular chapter and begin solving textbook questions.

Chapter 1: Relations and Functions

The Chapter Relations and Functions go over the definitions and different types of relations and functions, the composition of functions and invertible functions, binary operations, and various examples. This chapter includes five exercises in total. The main exercises are based on the types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive, and equivalence relations, one-to-one, and onto functions. Miscellaneous exercises cover standard problems based on all of the topics discussed in this chapter.

Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions – Term 1

Chapter 2 of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths on Inverse Trigonometric Functions, provides an account of various topics such as remarks based on basic concepts of inverse trigonometric functions, properties of inverse trigonometric functions, and miscellaneous examples. These ideas are well-explained with examples. The solutions to the chapter’s exercises can be found here.

Chapter 3: Matrices 

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Matrices are widely regarded as one of maths most effective tools. When compared to other methods, it simplifies our work significantly. Students will learn about matrices, their notations, order, equality, and the various types of matrices in this chapter. They will also be introduced to the zero and identity matrices, as well as symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. They will learn to find the transpose of a matrix as well as operations on matrices such as addition, multiplication, and multiplication with a scalar. This chapter will also cover topics such as the non-commutativity of matrices, multiplication, and invertible matrices.

Chapter 4: Determinants

The topic of determinants is covered in Chapter 4 of the NCERT Solutions for class 12 maths. Students will learn about the definition and meaning of determinants, properties of determinants, remarks based on determinant order, minors and cofactors of determinants, finding the area of a triangle using determinants, adjoint of a matrix, the inverse of a matrix, applications of determinants and matrices, and various examples. Each exercise solution covered in this chapter is linked below.

Chapter 5: Continuity and Differentiability

The definition of continuity is presented in Chapter 5 of the NCERT textbook. Students then learn about continuity, the algebra of continuous functions, the definition and meaning of differentiability, derivatives of composite functions, derivatives of implicit functions, the derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, logarithmic differentiation, derivatives of functions in parametric forms, second-order derivatives, and the mean value theorem through various examples. Students can find exercises that properly explain these concepts, along with solutions, in this section.

Chapter 6: Applications of Derivatives

Chapter 6 of the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths defines derivatives, the rate of change of quantities, increasing and decreasing functions, tangents and normals, approximations, maxima and minima, first derivative test, maximum and minimum values of a function in a closed interval, and various examples. Students can find exercises that properly explain these concepts in this section.

TERM – II 

Chapter 7: Integrals

We will see the definition of the indefinite integral, integration as an inverse process of differentiation, geometrical interpretation of indefinite integral, properties of indefinite integral, comparison between differentiation and integration, methods of integration such as integration by substitution, integration using partial fractions, integration by parts, integration using trigonometric identities, integration of some integral functions. We have provided exercises with solutions based on the chapter’s topics.

Chapter 8: Applications of Integrals

In Chapter 8 of the NCERT textbook, we continue our discussion of integrals, beginning with definition, areas under simple curves, areas of the region bounded by a curve and a line, areas between two curves, and various examples. Students can access the exercises with solutions explaining the concepts from this chapter via the links provided below.

Chapter 9: Differential Equations 

Students concentrate on the definition of differential equations, basic concepts related to differential equations, degree of a differential equation, order of a differential equation, general and particular solutions of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation whose general solution is given, the procedure to form a differential equation that will represent a given family of curves, methods of solving first order, first-degree differential equations, methods of solving first order, first-degree differential equations, methods of solving first order, first-degree differential equations, methods of solving first The solutions to the chapter’s exercises are available here.

Chapter 10: Vector Algebra

Students are introduced to vector algebra in this chapter. This chapter’s concepts cover how to find a position vector, some basic vector algebra concepts, direction cosines, vector types such as zero vector, unit vector, collinear vector, equal vector, negative of a vector, the addition of vectors, properties of vector addition, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, components of a vector, vector joining two points, section formula, product of two vectors, scalar or dot product of two vectors, properties of scalar Students can access the exercises with solutions explaining the concepts from this chapter by clicking on the links provided below.

Chapter 11: Three-Dimensional Geometry

In NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Three Dimensional Geometry, you will learn about the direction cosines and direction ratios of a line connecting two points, as well as the equations of lines and planes in space under various conditions. Students will also learn about the angle formed by two lines, a line and a plane, two planes, the shortest distance between two skew lines, and the distance between two points. Cartesian equations, vector equations of a line, skew and coplanar lines, and skew and coplanar lines are also covered. This chapter also discusses a plane’s cartesian and vector equations.

Chapter 12: Linear Programming

This chapter introduces students to linear programming. This chapter discusses the linear programming problem and its mathematical formulation, the problem’s mathematical formulation, the graphical method of solving linear programming problems, and examples of various types of linear programming problems. Students can find exercises that properly explain these concepts and provide solutions.

CBSE Unit-wise Weightage for Term 1 Class 12 Maths

According to the split syllabus, term 1 for CBSE Class 12 students has the first six chapters of the syllabus. These include Relations and Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Matrices, Determinants, Continuity and Differentiability, and Applications of Derivatives. Students can refer to the table given below and focus on the weightage given to the chapters in the final examination to strategize their study.

Class 12 term 1 – Internal Assessment

Internal assessments have a total mark of 10. It consists of periodic tests, which carry a total of 5 marks, and maths activities, which include a file record, term-end assessment of one particular activity, and the viva-voce asked. The detailed structure for IA can be assessed below.

CBSE Unit-wise Weightage for Term 2 Class 12 Maths

The CBSE syllabus is provided from Chapters 7 to 13 as term 2. Students can refer to the below-given table and plan their routine based on the weightage given to each of the subjects.

Class 12 term 2 – Internal Assessment

The same marking scheme follows throughout the academic session. Periodic tests carry 5 marks, and activities relating to Maths such as term end assessment and viva carry 5 marks. In total, the IA mark assigned for this term is 10. Students can look through the split given below.

Advantages of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths from Extramarks

• The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths are available for anyone, anywhere to download for free students will gain a better understanding of all basic concepts if they consult the Class 12 Maths NCERT Solutions
• Most engineering competitive exams syllabuses, such as JEE Main, JEE Advanced, and BITSAT, are nearly identical to those of the CBSE Class 11 and 12 Maths Syllabus. Having a good command of the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths will thus assist in easily passing the competitive exams
• The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Class will assist students in completing their homework and assignments on time

Students in Class 12 will benefit from studying NCERT Solutions because they will be able to effectively extract conceptual meaning from any problem. Probability, calculus, coordinate geometry, and trigonometry are simple topics that students can easily master with practice. CBSE Maths Class 12th NCERT Solutions provides detailed solutions to all of the problems covered in the syllabus. All of the chapters listed above are equally important and can be grasped with consistent practice and effort.

Benefits of Solving Previous Years’ Question Papers

Some advanced concept-oriented chapters in Class 12 require extensive practice. Solving previous year’s question papers is extremely beneficial when preparing for a board exam. Here are some of the benefits listed:

• Students will be able to analyze the nature and types of questions asked in previous CBSE Boards. The marking scheme will also inform them about the content required for each answer and allow them to plan them in advance. 
• Students get a feel of what their final examinations will be like. They can improve their concentration and stamina by solving CBSE Class 12 previous year’s papers. This will give you a significant advantage in the exam.
• By practicing these question papers, students will gain knowledge about their strengths and weaknesses. This can help them strategize their answers and prepare accordingly. Also, students can boost their learning of specific topics if they feel unprepared for them.

Preparation Tips

Students should concentrate on finishing the syllabus and begin with their revisions. Additional books and test papers can be used to gauge their performance. It is important for students to not get overwhelmed and to keep their cool throughout their preparation. Here are some tips students can follow to make their preparation an effective and rewarding one to score maximum marks.

• Choosing the best and essential materials will ensure better points. Students can use the solutions given to have an in-depth understanding of the concepts. This will help them create impressionable answers
• Creating a timetable and set dates on which topics are to be completed helps students to stay on track. Subjects with more weightage and difficulty can have more time to study
• Putting in consistent work is crucial for students to get their desired scores. Skimming through the chapters for the first time at the last minute will not only create stress and anxiety but also make your chances of securing good marks slim
• While reading through the textbooks and solutions, students may make their own short notes. These should be pointers and not lengthy notes written in such a way that reading them only takes 2-5 minutes. For example, a long definition can be broken into pointers so that the student does not miss the main part of it
• Set a time period and check the time you spend on completing the syllabus. Students are advised to not drag their preparation time, as they must also spend valuable time on revision as well
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 will build your knowledge not just for the CBSE syllabus, but for the subject matter. You can easily download the solutions from Extramarks subject-wise and chapter-wise. You can add in practice questions by referring to sample question papers and previous year’s question papers
• After covering the syllabus, students must start revising the notes they made. This will help them understand the basic concepts and their pointers will connect them together
• To complete the practice needed for CBSE examinations, students need to solve previous years and sample questions. Students prepare lengthy notes and are well-prepared for the questions. However, they don’t prepare for the time they should spend per question. Therefore, they end up spending most of the time writing or thinking about one answer while ignoring the rest. They can time themselves and evaluate their performance by solving these question papers.  By solving these question papers, students can also gauge their strong and weak subjects and work on them. This should be done at least 2-3 months prior to the examinations
• It is important for students to work on feedback and be open to change. While solving the previous years and sample question papers, Regular self-assessment and self-reflection will guide students
• With all this rush, it is absolutely necessary to keep one’s health in mind. Drink plenty of water, take regular walk breaks around your favorite neighborhoods, and talk to people who mean the most to you. It keeps your head in the game and gets you motivated
• Make sure you reach the exam hall at least 15 minutes before the time mentioned. To perform your best, it is important that you keep calm and avoid undue stress
•  When the examination starts, be sure to thoroughly read the paper and first answer the ones you’re most confident with
• Leave the last 10-15 minutes to review the paper. Make sure that you have mentioned all the points needed for the question
• Ensure that you write the correct question number against each answer in the sheet. You can allocate the last 2-3 minutes of the exam to do so